Warnantium
structure
The Warnantium is a period of the Carboniferous in the history of the earth . It is the upper regional lower level (also used as a level by some authors) of the regional and global level of the Visa in Belgium . Expressed in absolute terms, the Warnantium lasted from about 336.5 to about 326.5 million years. In the regional level / sub-level structure of the Karbon in Belgium, the Warnantium replaces the Livium and is followed by the Pendleium , the lower regional sub-level of the Namurium .
History and naming
The lower level or level is named after the place Warnant , a locality in the valley of the Molignée , near Dinant (Belgium). The type locality, however, is the old quarry "Camp de César", south of Thon-Samson near Namur (Belgium). The Warnantium was originally proposed as a level by Raphael Conil , Eric Groessens and Henri Pirlet in 1977, but was mostly used as a lower level by later authors. According to the Stratigraphic Table of Germany 2002, the Warnantium is also available in Germany as a lower level of the Viséum.
Definition and correlation
The basis of the Warnantium coincides with the first appearance of the foraminifera genus Neoarchaediscus . The upper limit coincides with the beginning of the regional stage of the Namurium, i.e. H. with the first onset of the ammonite species "Cravenoceras" leion (= Emstites leion ). The lower Warnantium corresponds to the Asbium , the upper Warnantium to the Brigantium lower level of the English Carboniferous.
The beginning, the end and the duration of the warning are uncertain and differ depending on the time scale used. According to Menning et al. (2000) it lasted from 334.5 to 326.5 million years, according to the Stratigraphic Table of Germany 2002 (STD2002) the warning lasts from about 336.5 to about 326.5 million years. In the Geological Time Scale 2004 (GTS2004) it has a duration of 6.1 million (from 332.5 to 326.1).
Breakdown
The warning can be correlated biostratigraphically with the foraminifera zones MFZ13 to MFZ15. In the succession of rugose corals , it occupies zones RC7 and RC8.
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ according to the Stratigraphic Table of Germany. These ages differ slightly from the ages in the International Stratigraphic Chart from 2009
- ↑ a b Poty & Hance (2006: p. 117ff.)
- ↑ see Weyer & Menning (2006: p. 28, table 1), comparisons of several time scales
- ^ Felix M. Gradstein et al .: A geologic time scale 2004 . 589 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge 2004. ISBN 0-521-78673-8 and ISBN 0-521-78142-6
literature
- Raphael Conil, Eric Groessens and Henri Pirlet: Nouvelle charte stratigraphique du Dinantien type de la Belgique. Annales de la Société géologique du Nord, 96: 363-371, Lille 1977 ISSN 0767-7367
- Édouard Poty and Luc Hance: Livium. Geologica Belgica 9 (1-2): 133-138, Brussels 2006 PDF
- Dieter Weyer and Manfred Menning: Geological time scale, stratigraphic nomenclature and magnetostratigraphy. In: Stratigraphie von Deutschland VI Unterkarbon (Mississippium) , series of publications by the German Society for Geosciences, 41: 27-50, Hannover 2006 ISBN 3-932537-37-8 .
Web links
- German Stratigraphic Commission, Manfred Menning (Hrsg.): Stratigraphische Tisch von Deutschland 2002 . Potsdam 2002, ISBN 3-00-010197-7 (1 sheet, Stratigraphie.de [PDF; 6.6 MB ]).