Moliniacium
structure
The Moliniacium is a period of the Carboniferous in the history of the earth . It is the lower regional sub-level (also used as a level by some authors) of the regional and global level of the Visa in Belgium . In absolute terms, the Moliniacium lasted from about 345.5 to about 340 million years. In the regional level / sub-level structure of the Karbon in Belgium, the Moliniacium follows the Ivorium , it is replaced by the Livium , the middle regional sub-level of the Viséum.
History and naming
The lower stage or stage is named after the Molignée river , a small tributary of the Meuse between Namur and Dinant . The stratotype is a profile along the small road ("Rue des Bruyères") that runs from the N 971 ("Rue de la Molignée") to Salet , on the right-hand side of the Molignée valley, about 4 km west-southwest of Yvoir (Belgium). The Moliniacium was originally proposed as a level by Raphael Conil , Eric Groessens and Henri Pirlet in 1977, but was mostly used as a lower level by later authors. According to the Stratigraphic Table of Germany 2002, it is also available in Germany as a lower level of the Visa.
Definition and correlation
The base of the Moliniacium is marked by the first appearance of the foraminifera species Eoparastaffella simplex . The lower limit of the livium and thus the upper limit of the moliniacium is characterized by the occurrence of the foraminifera genus and species Koskinotextularia and Pojarkovella nibelis . The moliniacium is now correlated with the lower part of the viséum .
The duration of the Moliniacium as well as the beginning and the end is still uncertain and differ depending on the time scale used. According to Menning et al. (2000) it lasted from 342.5 to 337.5 million years, according to the Stratigraphic Table of Germany 2002 (STD2002) the moliniacium ranges from about 345.5 to about 340 million years. In the Geological Time Scale 2004 (GTS2004) it has a duration of 6.4 million (from 345.3 to 338.9).
Breakdown
The Moliniacium can be subdivided biostratigraphically into the foraminifera zone MFZ9 to MFZ11. In the succession of rugose corals it occupies the upper part of the RC4 and the lower part of the RC5.
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ according to the Stratigraphic Table of Germany. These ages differ slightly from the ages in the International Stratigraphic Chart from 2009
- ^ A b c François-Xavier Devuyst and others: Moliniacian. 2006, p. 123ff.
- ^ Dieter Weyer, Manfred Menning: Geological time scale, stratigraphic nomenclature and magnetostratigraphy. 2006, p. 28, Tab. 1, comparisons of several time scales
- ^ Felix M. Gradstein et al: A geologic time scale 2004. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge 2004, ISBN 0-521-78673-8 and ISBN 0-521-78142-6 .
literature
- Raphael Conil, Eric Groessens, Henri Pirlet: Nouvelle charte stratigraphique du Dinantien type de la Belgique. In: Annales de la Société géologique du Nord. 96, Lille 1977, pp. 363-371. ISSN 0767-7367
- François-Xavier Devuyst, Luc Hance, Édouard Poty: Moliniacian. In: Geologica Belgica. 9 (1-2), Brussels 2006, pp. 123-131. (PDF)
- Dieter Weyer, Manfred Menning: Geological time scale, stratigraphic nomenclature and magnetostratigraphy. (= Stratigraphy of Germany. Volume VI: Lower Carbon (Mississippium) ; = Series of publications of the German Society for Geosciences. 41). Hanover 2006, ISBN 3-932537-37-8 , pp. 27-50.
Web links
- Stratigraphic table of Germany 2002. (PDF file; 7 MB). German Stratigraphic Commission, 2002, ISBN 3-00-010197-7 .