Cherish
As Hege in are hunting right measures summarized that the livelihood of Wild concern. The hedge is therefore a basic element of the self-image of the hunters , the so-called " woad justice ". According to Section 1 (2) BJagdG , the Hegebot obliges hunters not to harm the biodiversity of game. This duty to guard not only extends to game species that are covered by the hunting and closed season rules, but also to game that is permanently not allowed to be hunted in accordance with Section 2 BJagdG. The hunters as hunting leaseholders are regionally united in management communities.
The concept of protection is often used metaphorically in various idioms .
Essential measures and goals
According to Section 1 (2) of the Federal Hunting Act, the aim of the Hege is to preserve a species-rich and healthy game population that is adapted to the landscape and cultural conditions, as well as to maintain and secure its livelihood . Impairments to the proper agricultural, forestry and fishing use, in particular due to game damage, should be kept to a minimum by means of conservation measures.
Further measures are game feeding , provided that the state hunting laws of the federal states do not restrict or prohibit different legal provisions and the establishment of so-called grazing areas as well as quiet zones and cover for the game, from which all wild animals benefit. For this purpose, areas in regions that are intensively used for agriculture must be removed from agricultural use at the expense of the hunters and adapted accordingly to the conservation objective.
Hunting is regulated by law and is intended to serve the ecological control of the population. The extent to which hunting is a suitable means of doing this is the subject of controversy. The hunting regulations include the regulation of closed seasons as well as the creation and control of shooting plans as well as the restriction of the feeding of game to so-called emergency periods .
One of the measures taken to protect healthy wild stocks is the conservation shoot-out.
This was defined by Armin Deutz in 1999 as “shooting down items that clearly care, show significant injuries or symptoms of illness, so that death is to be feared or severe pain is present; Furthermore, motherless young game in the first year of life until the end of the legal shooting times. “A shooting is done regardless of shooting plans, closed periods and other prohibitions.
Reasons to do this are:
- Extreme emaciation, worrying
- Significant increase in size (tumors)
- Mange in all susceptible game species (mainly chamois, stone and wild boar and foxes)
- Fractures (broken bones), significant injuries (e.g. fork stitches), severe lameness (complete sparing of a diseased run)
- Strong deviations from behavior typical of the species (e.g. suspected rabies)
- Orphaned pieces at least until the end of the hunting season
- Chamois blindness (if the discharge is extremely purulent or blind)
Historical development
The concept of "Hege" can be found from the Middle Ages: The "Hege " is exercised in so-called " ban forests ". On the one hand, it serves to protect individuals from overhunting by protecting pregnant and breeding wild animals. On the other hand, it serves to improve the hunting opportunities in the royal "ban forests" to which the Sachsenspiegel, for example, includes the Harz.
The hedge was part of the hunt justice. With the loss of the sovereign hunting sovereignty through the revolution of 1848 , the right to hunt was tied to ownership of the land. This gave a broad section of the population the right to hunt. In contrast to the nobility, this had not been able to develop a cultural practice of hunting justice, i.e. an associated self-limitation and duty of care for the game. As a result, many species of wildlife have been exterminated by hunting.
As a result of the maxim to regenerate the wild animal population, new hunting laws emerged. In addition, there was a change in the cultural understanding of nature, which emerged around the turn of the 20th century, which also allowed other species than just the so-called “farmed wild animals” to be protected. Trophy hunting started around the same time . Previously mainly for the purpose of meat recovery and to protect against so-called predators hunted, it was now primarily for the urban hunting party the "fatal trophy" a goal of the hunt, so physical symbols like antlers or paws. With antlers, a capital antler with appropriate age characteristics is one of several criteria for selection for shooting. The closed season regulation for male red deer still follows the annual cycle of antler formation .
With the spread of new animal species such as B. Raccoons and raccoon dogs since the 20th century, the concept of protection also includes protective measures for indigenous animal species, for example to anticipate displacement by these immigrants . The increased incidence of animal diseases , especially rabies and swine fever, have influenced conservation measures since the second half of the 20th century.
The naturalization and distribution of animal species such as fallow deer or raccoon shows the previously common aim of the keepers on the use of meat and fur . The increasing focus of conservation on the protection of the species while taking into account the further usage demands on the cultural landscape are a development of the second half of the 20th century. Feeding the game in times of need was a matter of course as a conservation measure, for which special game barns were built in some cases. Today feeding is restricted or prohibited in most federal states.
The current version of the Federal Hunting Act with its regulations on closed season ( Section 22 (1) BJagdG) and the obligation to hunt ( Section 1 (1) sentence 2 BJagdG) is based on the Reichsjagdgesetz of 1934. The Reichsjagdgesetz of 1934 has a direct forerunner in one Prussian ordinance on hunting, which anticipated important aspects of the Reichsjagdgesetz, was largely written by Ulrich Scherping and was issued by a hunting Prussian Prime Minister, Otto Braun ( SPD ).
The amendments to the Federal Hunting Act , also driven by the understanding of animal welfare , are in the issue between ideas of organized nature conservation and those of hunting protection .
literature
- Ferdinand von Raesfeld , Hans Behnke (arr.): The Hege in the wild. A teaching and manual. Parey, Berlin and Hamburg 1978, ISBN 3-490-15412-6
- Norbert Happ: Hege and hunting of wild boar , Kosmos Verlag 2002, ISBN 3-440-09402-2
- Bruno Hespeler : Hunting and hunting throughout the year . BLV Buchverlag, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-405-15935-0
- Ulrich Scherping : Waidwerk between the times , Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1950
- Ilse Haseder , Gerhard Stinglwagner : Knaurs Großes Jagdlexikon , Augsburg 2000, ISBN 3-8289-1579-5
Individual evidence
- ↑ Haseder p. 329
- ^ The hunting law in Baden-Württemberg , Kohlhammer Verlag, 2003.
- ↑ Hunting law in Bavaria - hunting shot
- ↑ Federal Hunting Act § 22 a: Prevention of avoidable pain or suffering of the game
- ↑ Federal Hunting Act § 23: Content of the hunting protection
- ↑ a b Armin Deutz: Shoot or spare? , Article from April 28, 2017 on jagderleben.de
- ^ Editing of Lower Saxon Jäger: Fallow deer: Addressing deer
- ^ Prussian regulation on hunting law, accessed April 23, 2016
