Heinrich von Hesler

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Heinrich von Hesler probably came from the von Heßler family in Burgheßler near Eckartsberga and lived in the 13th century. The family founded a Cistercian settlement in the neighboring Klosterhäseler . Heinrich was a layperson ("nôthafter rîter") and was close to the Franciscan order , an earlier alleged membership of the Teutonic Order can be ruled out. He probably worked in Thuringia . He reports that his poetry was severely attacked in Nebra . The traditional names are Heinrich von Hasiliere (in the “Redemption” fragment) or Heinrich ich heat me min's right name, Hesler is called min hus (“Apocalypse”). All works have an anti-Semitic tendency, which is particularly noticeable in the final part of the "Evangelium Nicodemi" and the fragments of "Redemption", but which has also flowed into the image program for the "Apocalypse".

Works

Three works are ascribed to Heinrich von Hesler:

  • a rhyming "apocalypse",
  • a German adaptation of the apocryphal " Evangelium Nicodemi "
  • Another work with a strong anti-Semitic accent, which is referred to with the embarrassing title "The Redemption", but which possibly only represents the prologue of a long version of the "Evangelium Nicodemi". The title “Redemption” was given because the text that has been preserved deals with Adam and Eve and the Fall .

Tradition and reception

Manuscript rps 44 / IV of the Toruń University Library, exhibited in the Marienburg Castle

"Redemption" is narrated in three fragments, whereas "Apocalypse" and "Evangelium Nicodemi" have a rich tradition. 5 complete and 14 fragmentary manuscripts have been preserved for the “Apocalypse”, of which Bibl. The Polish is valid. Academy of Sciences (BGPAN), Ms. 2415 as the next author. Three of the complete manuscripts (WLB Stuttgart, HB XIII 11 and the former Königsberg manuscripts UB Toruń rps 44 / IV and 64 / III) come from the possession of the Teutonic Order, the two Thorner manuscripts probably from the Supreme Marshal's Office in Königsberg . These three manuscripts are illuminated. Whether there is a workshop connection between them is controversial. In the Stuttgart manuscript a stronger influence of the French book illumination on the apocalypse is certainly noticeable than in the former Königsberg manuscripts. The image program was coordinated with the Teutonic Order. B. Knight in Teutonic habit next to the end-time emperor in the battle against Gog and Magog and a Teutonic order priest at the end-time baptism of the Jews . The text of these three illuminated manuscripts belongs to the second version of the poem; Toruń 64 / III originally contained a text close to the Gdańsk manuscript, but it was changed to the newer version by shaving. In terms of content, the "Apocalypse" is well suited as an introduction to Bonaventura's world of thought . a. emphasized the priesthood of Christ and propagated education for the Franciscan order - tested for its orthodoxy . Heinrich von Hesler makes the tasks of the preacher the subject of his longest excursus in the "Apocalypse". It is believed that the appropriation by the Teutonic Order was achieved through the image program. References to the work can also be found in the book inventories of the Prussian Teutonic Order Houses from the late 14th century. Heinrich's "Apocalypse" had an impact on a number of spiritual poets of the 14th century, including Nikolaus von Jeroschin and Tilo von Kulm .

Editions

  • Fragments of a seal by Heinrich von Hesler (so-called redemption). In: von Heinemann: From cut Wolfenbütteler manuscripts, No. 18 u. 19 and Elias Steinmeyer: Heinrich von Hesler again. both in: Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum 32 (1888), pp. 111–113 u. Pp. 446-449.
  • Heinrich von Hesler: The Gospel Nicodemi. ed. by Karl Helm. Tübingen: Lit. Verein 1902 (library of the Litterarian Society in Stuttgart; 224). - (Reprint: Hildesheim [et al.]: Olms 1976)
  • The apocalypse of Heinrich von Hesler. From the Danzig manuscript , ed. by Karl Helm Berlin: Weidmann 1907 (German texts of the Middle Ages 8).
  • Mentzel-Reuters, Arno: The 'redemption' of Heinrich von Hesler. In: Basics: Research, editions and materials on German literature and language in the Middle Ages and the early modern period , ed. by Rudolf Bentzinger, Ulrich-Dieter Oppitz, Jürgen Wolf. Stuttgart 2013 (Journal for German Antiquity and German Literature. Supplement 18), pp. 73–85

literature

  • Karl Bartsch:  Hesler, Heinrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 12, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1880, p. 272 ​​f.
  • Helm, Karl: Investigations on Heinrichs von Hesler's 'Evangelium Nicodemi' , in: Contributions to the history of the German language and literature (PBB). 24 (1899), pp. 85-187.
  • Peter Kesting:  Heinrich von Hesler. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , p. 411 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Masser, Achim: Heinrich von Hesler , in: author lexicon. The German Literature of the Middle Ages , 2nd edition, 3 (1981), Sp. 749-755 + 11 (2004), Sp. 624f.
  • Mentzel-Reuters, Arno: Bibeldichtung und deutscher Orden: Studies on Judith and Heinrichs von Hesler Apocalypse , in: Daphnis 26 (1997), pp. 209-261.
  • Klein, Klaus: On the transmission of the 'Apocalypse' of Heinrich von Hesler , in: Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum 128 (1999), pp. 66–72.
  • Honemann, Volker: Heinrich von Hesler, Die Apocalypse / Königsberger Apocalypse (Toruń, Bibliotheka Uniwersytu Mikołaja Kopernika, ms. Rps. 64 and ms. Rps. 44) . Microfiche edition. Introduction to the work and description (Codices illuminati medii aevi 27), Munich: Lengenfelder 2000.
  • Oppitz, Ulrich-Dieter and Klaus Klein: A Brandenburg fragment from the 'Apocalypse' Heinrich von Hesler , in: Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum 129 (2000), pp. 409-413
  • Mentzel-Reuters, Arno: Arma spiritualia . Libraries, books and education in the Teutonic Order, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 2003 (contributions to books and libraries 47) ISBN 3-447-04838-7
  • Jagodzinski, Sabine: The illustrated apocalypse of Heinrich von Hesler in the Teutonic Order. Studies on image, text and context , Stuttgart: ibidem 2009 (CISA - Cultural and Interdisciplinary Studies in Art 6) ISBN 978-3-89821-984-6
  • Ehrich, Susanne: The 'Apocalypse' Heinrich von Hesler in text and pictures. Traditions and topics of vernacular biblical poetry and their reception in the German Order , Berlin: ESV 2010 (Philological Studies and Sources) ISBN 3-503-12218-4
  • Mentzel-Reuters, Arno: Apotheosis Strategies of the Teutonic Order? Two monographs on Heinrich von Hesler. In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte und Altertumskunde Ermlands 55 (2011), pp. 123-134.

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personal data
SURNAME Hesler, Heinrich von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Middle High German poet and member of the Teutonic Order
DATE OF BIRTH 13th Century
DATE OF DEATH 13th Century