Hem-bau-nechen
| Hem-bau-nechen in hieroglyphics | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Old empire |
Hem-bau-nechen Ḥm-b3w-nẖn servant of the soul (s) of Nechen |
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Hem-bau-nechen is the name of an ancient Egyptian functional title in the cult of the dead , which is first documented on a relief of a Sedfest representation of the 4th dynasty . The exact dating is controversial among Egyptologists .
The relief block is part of the Amenemhet I pyramid in Lisht , which was built on a hill halfway between Dahshur and Meidum . Hans Goedicke refers to the origin of the relief block from the mortuary temple of Cheops . Dorothea Arnold , on the other hand, sees stylistic similarities with regard to the Sneferu pyramids .
background
Nekhen Hem-bau-the development of the title based on the ancient Egyptian food - theological foundation, which is why for Lower Egypt initially the corresponding title Hem-bau-pedep was suspected. However, a lower Egyptian relief fragment shows the title of Hem-bau-nechen in a sacrificial ritual and refutes the assumption of a separate upper and lower Egyptian occupation of the function.
The Hem-bau-nechen acted as the bearer of the Upuaut standard and symbolized the opener of the paths into the Duat for the deceased . The office was tied to the king's son, since opening the way and ensuring free stride were among the ritual tasks of the king's son. In Egyptian mythology , this function is a central component of the cult of the dead in connection with Horus as the son and heir of Osiris .
What is striking is the separation of this activity from that of Shem , who in the 3rd dynasty still carries the Upuaut standard on the Sedfest representations of the Sahure and Niuserre . Both functional titles are associated with wearing the insignia of the panther skin . It remains unclear whether they are different royal sons or the eldest royal son, who appears in different phases of the Sedfest and performs the different functions.
In the 5th dynasty the activities of Sem and Hem-bau-nechen lead to the introduction of the Sem priest , who in the further course of ancient Egyptian history represents the former duties of the king's son as a symbol of Horus.
See also
literature
- Ute Rummel: The panther fur as a garment in cult - meaning, symbolism and theological location of a magical insignia - In: Alexandra Verbovsek, Günter Burkard, Friedrich Junge: Imago Aegypti, Vol. 2 . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2009, ISBN 3-525-47011-8 .
- Elisabeth Staehlin: Investigations into the Egyptian costume in the Old Kingdom . Hessling, Berlin 1966.
- Friedrich Wilhelm von Bissing , Hermann Kees : The Re-sanctuary of the king Ne-Woser-Re (Rathures); Vol. 2: The small festival presentation . Duncker, Berlin 1923.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hans Goedicke: Re-used blocks from the pyramid of Amenemhet I at Lisht . Metropolitan Museum of Art Egyptian Expedition, New York 1971, ISBN 0-87099-107-8 , No. 16, pp. 35-38 as well as blocks No. 14, pp. 33-35 and No. 18, p. 41.
- ^ Dorothea Arnold: When the pyramids were built: Egyptian art of the Old Kingdom - Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids - . Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York 2000, ISBN 0-87099-908-7 , catalog no. 23, pp. 196-198.
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↑
- ^ Friedrich Wilhelm von Bissing, Hermann Kees: The Re-sanctuary of the king Ne-Woser-Re (Rathures). Vol. 2: The small festival presentation. Duncker, Berlin 1923, sheet 14.37.