Herman Daly

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Herman Daly ( Herman Edward Daly ; * 1938 ) is an American professor at the School of Public Policy at the University of Maryland, College Park in the USA .

life and work

Daly was a student of Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen . He was Senior Economist in the Environment Department of the World Bank from 1988 to 1994 , where he helped draft policy guidelines for sustainable development. During his work there, he was also involved in environmental protection projects in Latin America. In 1994 he resigned.

Prior to joining the World Bank, Daly was an alumni professor of economics at Louisiana State University for 20 years . He is a co-founder of the International Society for Ecological Economics and the journal Ecological Economics , for which he also worked as an editor.

His interests include economic development, population, resources, ecological management, sustainability management , environmental conservation and the development of a " stationary state " (steady-state economy). These diverse interests have prompted Daly to publish equally diverse. He wrote several hundred articles as well as numerous books with which he pursued two lines, among other things (see publications):

  • In multiple editions (sometimes under different titles), he combined essays by other authors on the basic topic of "stationary economy". Many essays were retained or revised, some replaced by others.
  • Development of the theory of an ecological economy as transdisciplinary economics.

He sharply criticized optimistic futurologists like Julian L. Simon , who believe that technical progress can always compensate for a lack of natural raw materials.

Together with the theologian John B. Cobb , Jr. he is co-author of the book For the Common Good (1989; 1994), for which he received the Grawemeyer Award , which, as in this case, is given for ideas relating to a better world order. He is now editing his textbook on Ecological Economics with Joshua Farley (* 1963).

In 1996, Daly was honored with the Right Livelihood Award and the Heineken Prize for Environmental Science from the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1999 he received the Sophie Prize for his environmental commitment . It was 2002, the Medal of the President of the Republic of Italy for his work on stationary economy awarded (steady-state economy). In 2008, the Canadian magazine chose him Adbusters for Person of the Year.

Daly has written management rules for sustainability .

Concept of a steady-state economy

Herman Daly coined the term “uneconomic growth”, the uneconomic growth whose damage is greater than the benefits.

He developed as an alternative concept of stationary economy (Steady-State Economy), based on John Stuart Mill's description of a stationary state and derived from thermodynamics approach of his mentor Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen . To this day he is the most important representative of this model and an important point of reference for the growth-critical movement . Daly is a growth critic , but his ideal of a stationary economy stands between economic growth and the more radical demands for a shrinking economy.

Daly takes a market economy perspective, in which the consumption of materials and energy is limited and the world population is stabilized. He characterizes the steady-state economy as follows:

  • Main principle: Limit human economic activity to a level that is within the earth's carrying capacity and is therefore sustainable. As soon as the earth's carrying capacity is reached, both the population size and an average standard of living (measured as per capita resource consumption) must be set at sustainable levels. The question of scale (in the sense of the material throughput of the human economy) is the linchpin of his theory.
  • Technological progress aims to increase material efficiency rather than material throughput. The technological change required for this would be achieved by limiting the consumption of resources.
  • Renewable resources may only be used to the extent that they can be renewed. This applies to both extraction (agriculture, hunting, fishing, etc.) and waste emissions.
  • Non-renewable resources may only continue to be exploited to the extent that renewable alternatives are created.

Daly's approach is principally market-oriented when it comes to allocation , but fundamental political questions must first be clarified: those of the scale and those of distribution. The following applies to both of these: First determine the standard, because this usually turns previously free resources into scarce economic goods. But this raises the question of ownership, i.e. a question of distribution.

criticism

Sharp criticism of Daly's stationary economy came from his mentor Georgescu-Roegen. In his view, there can only be a state of contraction and no stationary economy . It is physically impossible to maintain a steady state and this is also cynical towards those countries that remain in economic disadvantage and poverty as a result. In contrast, the standard of living in industrialized countries could not be guaranteed in the future. Georgescu-Roegen's criticism met with approval from growth critics such as André Gorz , who writes in his book Ecology and Freedom that even with zero growth, finite resources must continue to be extracted and these would ultimately be completely exhausted. Scientists like Christian Kerschner raise the question of the end point of such a decline in growth demanded by Georgescu-Roegen and ask whether the concepts of Georgescu-Roegen and Daly can possibly also be combined.

Honors

Publications

Edited volumes as editor:

  • Toward a Steady-State Economy WH Freeman and Company, 1973
  • Economics, Ecology, Ethics. Essays Toward a Steady-State Economy 1980
  • with Kenneth N. Townsend: Valuing the Earth: Economics, Ecology, Ethics MIT Press, 1993

Development of the theory of an ecological economy:

  • Steady-State Economics Island Press, 1977 ( Chapter 5: A Catechism of Growth Fallacies ), 2nd edition 1991
  • Beyond growth. The economics of sustainable development Beacon Press, 1996
    • German under the title: Economy beyond growth. The Economics of Sustainable Development. Pustet, Salzburg / Munich 1999, ISBN 3-7025-0375-7
  • with Joshua Farley: Ecological economics (university textbook) Island Press, 2004, 2nd edition 2011

More publishments:

literature

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ^ Farewell Speech on The Whirled Bank Group website
  2. ↑ Lissa Harris: The economic heresy of Herman Daly . In: Grist. April 10, 2003
  3. ↑ See the foreword to Valuing the earth
  4. ↑ Herman Daly: Ultimate Confusion. The Economics of Julian Simon . In: Futures. Vol. 17, No. October 5, 1985
  5. ^ Herman E. Daly and Joshua Farley: Ecological economics: principles and applications. Island press, 2011. ISBN 978-1-5972-6991-9 .
  6. ↑ Right Livelihood Award: 1996 - Herman Daly ( Memento of the original from July 8, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rightlivelihood.org
  7. ^ The Sophie Foundation: Lecture by Sophie Prize winner Herman Daly . June 15, 1999
  8. ↑ According to his curriculum vitae in the textbook Ecological economics
  9. ↑ Adbusters' Person of the Year ( Memento of the original from June 4, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . December 17, 2008  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.adbusters.org
  10. ↑ Herman Daly: Big Idea: A Steady-State Economy ( Memento of the original from July 21, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: Adbusters . 81, December 17, 2008 ( German translation by Peter Marwitz)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.adbusters.org
  11. ↑ Herman Daly: uneconomic Growth in Theory and in Fact. The First Annual Feasta Lecture . Trinity College, Dublin, April 26, 1999.
  12. ↑ " Uneconomic growth occurs when increases in production come at an expense in resources and well-being that is worth more than the items made. “Herman E. Daly: Economics in a Full World. In: Scientific American . September 2005, pp. 100–107, steadystate.org (PDF; 1.15 MB)
  13. ↑ a b c Kerschner, Christian (2010): Economic de-growth vs. steady-state economy. In: Journal of Cleaner Production 18 (6), pp. 544-551.
  14. ^ Daly, Herman E. (1974): Steady-state economics versus growthmania: A critique of the orthodox conceptions of growth, wants, scarcity, and efficiency. In: Policy Sciences (5), pp. 149-167.
  15. ^ Daly, Herman E. (1991): Steady-State Economics: Second Edition With New Essays. Washington, DC: Island Press.
  16. ^ Herman E. Daly : Beyond Growth - The Economics of Sustainable Development. 1997, ISBN 0-8070-4709-0 .
  17. ↑ a b Borowy, Iris & Schmelzer, Matthias (2017): History of the Future of Economic Growth: Historical Roots of Current Debates on Sustainable Degrowth. London: Routledge.
  18. ^ Herman E. Daly: Steady state economics Island Press 2nd ed. 1991, p. 256
  19. ^ Herman E. Daly and Joshua Farley: Ecological Economics - Principles and Applications, Island Press, 2nd ed. 2011, p. 417
  20. ↑ Giacomo D'Alisa, Federico Demaria, Giorgios Kallis (ed.): Degrowth: Handbook for a new era . oekom, Munich 2016, ISBN 978-3-86581-982-6 (Original title: Degrowth: A Vocabulary for a New Era . New York and London 2015.).
  21. ^ Leontief Prize for Advancing the Frontiers of Economic Thought. ase.tufts.edu, accessed October 12, 2015 .
personal data
SURNAME Daly, Herman
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Daly, Herman E .; Daly, Herman Edward
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American economist
DATE OF BIRTH 1938