Herpysma longicaulis

Herpysma longicaulis
	Herpysma longicaulis Plate 367 in: ; G. King & R. Pantling ; The Orchids of the Sikkim-Himalaya; (1898)
Systematics
Family :	Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily :	Orchidoideae
Tribe :	Cranichideae
Sub tribus :	Goodyerinae
Genre :	Herpysm
Type :	Herpysma longicaulis
Scientific name of the genus
	Herpysm
	Lindl.
Scientific name of the species
	Herpysma longicaulis
	Lindl.

The orchid Herpysma longicaulis is the only species in the genus Herpysma . The small, herbaceous plants come from tropical Southeast Asia.

description

Herpysma longicaulis reaches a height of 18 to 30 cm. The plants have a creeping rhizome with a few to many internodes . The roots arise individually at the nodes . The above-ground shoots (5 to 8 mm in diameter) are continuously covered with leaves . The leaf blade narrows at the base to a petiole that surrounds the stem in a tubular shape. The leaf blade is oval-elliptical and slightly asymmetrical. The leaves are 5 to 10 cm long and 2.8 to 3.5 cm wide. The petiole measures 2 to 3 cm in length.

The flowering time in China is in August and September. The terminal inflorescence is unbranched, 3 to 4 cm in size, the inflorescence stalk is very short and has a few bracts . The peduncle, bracts, bracts of the flowers, the ovary and the outer sides of the sepals are hairy. The flowers are resupinated , their color is white, occasionally with red markings on the lip , the other petals can occasionally be orange or pink above the center. The bracts are 1.5 to 2 cm longer than the ovary, lanceolate, U-shaped in cross-section. The cylindrical ovary is twisted. The three outer petals (sepals) are not fused and shaped similarly to one another. The lateral inner petals ( petals ) are crooked rhombic, they stick with the edge on the upper sepal. The dorsal sepal measures 8 to 9 mm in length and 4 to 4.5 mm in width, the lateral sepals are 10 to 11 mm in length and 2 to 2.5 mm in length, narrower and longer. The petals measure 9 to 10 mm in length and 4.5 to 4.7 mm in width. The lip is divided into two parts: the basal part is roughly square in shape, the sides of the lip are fused with the column at the base , then bent outwards further forward. From the base two ridges extend along the lip, continued in the front part by a simple ridge. The front part is also square in shape and ends slightly trilobed. The lip forms a 7 to 10 mm long, cylindrical spur that ends with two lobes. There are some flat bumps inside. The column is fused in its lower third with the edges of the lip, in cross section it is semicircular, it is curved lengthways. The scar consists of a contiguous, rounded surface. The stamen is oval in outline. It contains two cylindrical to club-shaped pollinia , which are each connected to the common adhesive disc ( Viscidium ) via a short stalk . The dividing tissue between the stigma and the stamen ( rostellum ) is deeply split in two.

distribution

Herpysma longicaulis is distributed in Southeast Asia, from Nepal and northeast India to southern China, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. A spatially separate occurrence is located on Sumatra. The plants were found at altitudes of 600 to 2000 meters in mountain forests, occasionally also on the edge of dry forests.

Systematics and botanical history

The species was first described by John Lindley in 1833 . Simultaneously with the description of the new species, a separate genus, Herpysma , was established. The genus name comes from the Greek ἔρπων herpysmos "creeping", and refers to the long, creeping rhizome.

Herpysma is classified within the tribe Cranichideae in the subtribe Goodyerinae . According to Dressler, this can be further divided into two groups; Herpysma is in the larger group, the scar of which is not divided into two parts. Closely related genera within the Subtribus Goodyerinae are not easy to identify, Orchipedum is similar in some flower characteristics .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Chen Xinqi, Stephan W. Gale, Phillip Cribb : Herpysma . In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . tape 25 : Orchidaceae . Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis 2009, ISBN 978-1-930723-90-0 , pp. 56 ( eFloras.org ).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. tape 3 : Orchidoideae , Part 2: Vanilloideae . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 , pp. 98-102 .
↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Herpysma longicaulis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 9, 2020.
^ Robert L. Dressler: Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family . Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-45058-6 , pp. 118 .

Web links

Commons : Herpysma longicaulis - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Image at orchidspecies.com: Herpysma longicaulis

[FoC-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Chen Xinqi, Stephan W. Gale, Phillip Cribb : Herpysma . In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . tape 25 : Orchidaceae . Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis 2009, ISBN 978-1-930723-90-0 , pp. 56 ( eFloras.org ).

[GO3-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. tape 3 : Orchidoideae , Part 2: Vanilloideae . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 , pp. 98-102 .

[WCSP-3] Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Herpysma longicaulis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 9, 2020.

[Dressler-4] Robert L. Dressler: Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family . Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-45058-6 , pp. 118 .