Goodyerinae

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Goodyerinae
Creeping net leaf (Goodyera repens)

Creeping net leaf ( Goodyera repens )

Systematics
Monocots
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily : Orchidoideae
Tribe : Cranichideae
Sub tribus : Goodyerinae
Scientific name
Goodyerinae
Klotzsch

The goodyerinae , often referred to as tresses orchids or jewel orchids are a subtribe of the family of orchids . The approximately 36 genera with approximately 425 species are distributed almost worldwide.

description

Illustration of the flowers of Vrydagzynea albida (Fig. LXI, middle), Vrydagzynea nuda (Fig. LX, top) and Vrydagzynea uncinata (Fig. LXII, bottom)

Vegetative characteristics

They are perennial , herbaceous plants. The height of growth varies depending on the species from a few centimeters (e.g. Macodes petola ) to two meters ( Aspidogyne gigantea ). The terrestrial or, more rarely, epiphytic plants have a creeping, often fleshy rhizome , which is usually located in the upper soil layers or the moss layer . The internodes of the rhizome are roughly the same length; occasionally the rhizome is segmented by constrictions at the nodes . The roots, which are usually very hairy, are also fleshy and in some types of velamen are coated. They arise from the nodes along the rhizome. The plants are rarely rootless (some mykoheterotrophic species), or the roots are replaced by rhizoids ( Aenhenrya rotundifolia , some Cheirostylis species).

Above ground, the stem bears some spirally arranged leaves , which are usually condensed to form a rosette in the lower area, more rarely they are evenly distributed on the stem. The shape of the leaf blade ranges from lanceolate to almost round. In addition to green leaves, there are also reddish, brown to almost black leaves. The leaves are often marked with different colored veins or spots - white, yellow or reddish. The leaves are sessile or often stalked. The leaf bases encompass the stem, there is no separating tissue between the leaf base and the blade.

Some mycotrophic species have no green leaves, only brownish, scale-like lower leaves.

Generative characteristics

The stem axis continues above the leaves as a grape-shaped inflorescence . Some bracts sit between the leaves and flowers on the inflorescence axis. The flowers are mostly resupinated , rather small, white or greenish in color. The ovary is cylindrical to spindle-shaped and sometimes twisted. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and threefold. The three outer bracts are mostly free. The upper sepal is concave, the lateral petals adhere to it; together they form a hood over the flower. The lateral sepals are often crooked at the base and enclose the lip . The lip itself is usually fused with the column at the base and forms a depression that can range in shape from a distinct spur to a flat, bowl-shaped bulge. The stamen lies parallel to the columnar axis. It contains two club-shaped pollinia , each more or less divided into two by a longitudinal furrow. The pollen is clinging together in several small pollen clusters (massulae). They are connected to a common adhesive disk (Viscidium) via stems made of pollen mass or from the tissue of the column. The scar consists of one or two separate surfaces.

Systematics, botanical history and distribution

This group of genera was already summarized by Lindley under the - albeit invalid - name Physurideae. Klotzsch first used the genus Goodyera in 1846 as a namesake for their further relationship. A distinction is often made between two groups within the subtribe: those with one or two scar surfaces. Szlachetko goes even further by assigning the genera to three different sub-tribes.

The genus Pachyplectron was placed in its own subtribe Pachyplectroninae by Schlechter in 1926. The roots arise predominantly in clusters at the base of the stem, not along the rhizome. Genetic studies have shown that Pachyplectron is the sister taxon to all other Goodyerinae and is closely related to them.

Fossil is the species Meliorchis caribea known, which is placed by its discoverers in the Subtribus Goodyerinae. Based on the age of the fossil, the age of the Subtribus Goodyerinae can be determined to be at least 15 to 20 million years.

The approximately 36 genera with approximately 425 species are distributed almost worldwide. Most of the species come from tropical Asia. There are only two species in Europe: the creeping reticulate leaf ( Goodyera repens ) and the large-leaved reticulated leaf ( Goodyera macrophylla ) endemic to Madeira .

Aspidogyne fimbrillaris
Macodes petola
Illustration of Macodes petola
Zeuxine longilabris

There are about 36 genera with about 425 species:

From Ludisia discolor the variety 'Dawsoniana'

use

The jewel orchids are cultivated as ornamental plants mainly because of the attractive leaves. In contrast to most orchids, the flowers are not particularly large and mostly inconspicuous in color. The leaf drawing glistening in the light of some species led to the name jewel orchids. The most common species available is Ludisia discolor . Species of the genera Goodyera , Anoectochilus and Macodes are less common among orchid gardeners . The jewel orchids often include other species with conspicuous leaves, including various species from the genera Malaxis or Oeceoclades , but both belong to other subfamilies of the orchids.

supporting documents

Most of the information in this article comes from:

literature

  • Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3/2 . Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 , pp. 63 ff .
  • Robert L. Dressler: Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family . Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-45058-6 , pp. 118 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Santiago R. Ramírez, Barbara Gravendeel, Rodrigo B. Singer, Charles R. Marshall & Naomi E. Pierce : Dating the origin of the Orchidaceae from a fossil orchid with its pollinator . In: Nature . tape 448 , 2007, p. 1042-1042 , doi : 10.1038 / nature06039 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on December 7, 2016.

Web links

Commons : Goodyerinae  - collection of images, videos and audio files