Macodes

Macodes
	Macodes petola , illustration
Systematics
Order :	Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family :	Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily :	Orchidoideae
Tribe :	Cranichideae
Sub tribus :	Goodyerinae
Genre :	Macodes
Scientific name
	Macodes
	( Flower ) Lindl.

The genus Macodes from the family of orchids consists of eleven species of herbaceous plants. They come from Southeast Asia, usually grow terrestrially, occasionally also epiphytically .

description

Macodes sanderiana

The Macodes species have a creeping rhizome with few internodes . The above-ground shoots are covered with a few leaves . The leaf blade is oblique-elliptical to rounded, at the base it narrows to a short petiole that surrounds the shoot tubularly. The leaves have a contrasting, reticulated veining on a light to dark green background, which is silvery to golden in color. The underside of the leaf is reddish in color.

The terminal inflorescence is unbranched, the inflorescence axis, bracts , ovary and the outside of the sepals are hairy. There are some bracts on the peduncle ; the bracts of the flowers are about as long as the flower stalk and ovary together. The flowers are not resupinated . The three outer petals (sepals) are all shaped the same, the lateral sepals encompass the base of the lip . The lateral inner petals ( petals ) are narrower and stick with the edge to the upper sepal. The lip is twisted asymmetrically, at the base it is fused with the column . The lip is divided into three parts: The base (hypochil) is hemispherical or sack-like in shape, with two lateral, fleshy appendages inside. The middle part of the lip, the mesochil, can be very short to long and is quite narrow. The front part of the lip is undivided and heart-shaped to oval shaped. The column, like the lip, is twisted asymmetrically. The scar consists of a coherent area, it forms two roughly square-shaped lateral wings. The stamen is oval in outline, it contains two oval to club-shaped pollinia , which are each connected by a small stalk with the small, oval adhesive disc ( Viscidium ). The dividing tissue between the stigma and the stamen ( rostellum ) is deeply two-toothed.

distribution

Macodes is distributed in Southeast Asia from Vietnam through the southern Nansei Islands , the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia to Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. The species grow in the shade of evergreen rainforests on humus soils at altitudes of 100 to 1500 meters.

use

Macodes was particularly popular as an ornamental plant in the 19th century because of the contrasting leaves. Macodes petola can occasionally be found in stores . When cultivated, the plants need a shady, humid location. The substrate must be permeable and evenly moist. In summer the temperature should not fall below 24 ° C and not rise above 28 ° C, in winter, when the plants are growing less, the temperatures should be between 15 and 24 ° C.

Botanical history and systematics

Macodes is classified within the tribe Cranichideae in the subtribe Goodyerinae . According to Dressler, this can be further divided into two groups; Macodes stands together with the majority of the genera that do not have two clearly separated scar surfaces. Macodes was described by Carl Ludwig Blume in 1825 as a section of the genus Neottia . John Lindley changed the rank in 1840 and described Macodes as a separate genus. The name is derived from the Greek word μακρός mak (r) os for "large" and describes the large central part of the lip of the type species, Macodes petola . The genus Dossinia is related to Macodes .

The following species are included in the genus Macodes :

Macodes angustilabris J.J.Sm. : It occurs in Borneo.
Macodes celebica Rolfe : It occurs in Sulawesi.
Macodes cominsii (Rolfe) Rolfe : It occurs on the Solomon Islands.
Macodes cupida Ormerod : It occurs in southern Vietnam.
Macodes dendrophila Schltr. : It occurs from New Guinea to the Solomon Islands.
Macodes limii J.J.Wood & ALLamb : It occurs in Sabah .
Macodes megalantha Ormerod : It occurs in western New Guinea.
Macodes obscura Schltr. : It occurs in New Guinea.
Macodes petola (flower) Lindl. : It occurs from Thailand and the Nansei Islands to Malesia.
Macodes pulcherrima Schltr. : It occurs in New Guinea.
Macodes sanderiana (Kraenzl.) Rolfe : It occurs from Malesia to Vanuatu .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 , pp. 119-121 .
^ Robert L. Dressler: Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1993, ISBN 0-521-45058-6 , pp. 118 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Macodes. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 13, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Macodes - album with pictures, videos and audio files

[GO3-1] Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 , pp. 119-121 .

[Dressler-2] Robert L. Dressler: Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1993, ISBN 0-521-45058-6 , pp. 118 .

[WCSP-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Macodes. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 13, 2018.