Cystorchis

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Cystorchis
Systematics
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily : Orchidoideae
Tribe : Cranichideae
Sub tribus : Goodyerinae
Genre : Cystorchis
Scientific name
Cystorchis
flower

Cystorchis is a genus from the family of the orchid (Orchidaceae). It consists of around 20 types of herbaceous plants that are native to tropical Asia.

description

The species of the genus Cystorchis form a creeping, branched rhizome . There are some mykoheterotrophic species that do not develop roots or leaves . Otherwise, the leaves are broadly oval, the base is narrowed to a short petiole, the base of the leaf includes the stem tubular. The leaves are dark in color and sometimes drawn in color.

The inflorescence is a terminal cluster . The inflorescence axis can be hairy and is covered by some bracts . The inflorescence consists of numerous flowers that hardly open. The bracts are at least as long as ovary and pedicel together. The ovary is twisted, sometimes it is hairy. The flowers are resupinated , the petals are not fused together. The dorsal sepal arches like a hood over the flower; the lateral sepals adhere to the lip and are widened at the base, where they encompass the rounded spur formed by the lip . The lateral petals are elongated, lanceolate to spatulate, they adhere to the upper petal. The lip forms a two or three-part spur at the base. This consists of two rounded sides, each equipped with a nectar gland on the inside. In some species there is a third, conical outgrowth in the middle. In the front part of the lip, the edges are turned upwards and form a tube, the outside can be covered with rough papillae . The column is short, often with side appendages at the front (narrow "winged"). The stamen is two-chambered, the pollinia are directly, without stalks, connected with an adhesive disc ( Viscidium ). The scar consists of two interconnected surfaces. The separating tissue between the stigma and the stamen (rostellum) is triangular, of different lengths depending on the species, and after removing the adhesive disc it is cut flat at the tip.

Occurrence

Cystorchis is native to tropical Southeast Asia. The genus colonizes Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea and the Palau Islands. Cystorchis can be found from sea level to at altitudes of 1500 meters. They grow in the humus layer of moist forests. The greatest biodiversity can be found in Borneo.

Systematics and botanical history

Cystorchis is classified within the tribe Cranichideae in the subtribe Goodyerinae . According to Dressler, this can be further divided into two groups; Cystorchis stands in the larger group with a scar surface.

The genus Cystorchis was established by Carl Ludwig Blume in 1858 . The name is made up of the Greek words kystis , "bladder", and orchis , "testicles" (here: orchid); it refers to the characteristic spur. The type species is Cystorchis variegata .

There are currently 20 species of Cystorchis :

See also

literature

  • Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 .
  • Jim B. Comber: Orchids of Java . Bentham-Moxon Trust, Kew 1990, ISBN 0-947643-21-4 .
  • Rudolf Schlechter: The Orchidaceae of German New Guinea . In: Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis. Booklets . tape 1 , p. 65-68 ( Biodiversity Heritage Library ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Paul Ormerod, Phillip Cribb: Cystorchis . In: Genera Orchidacearum . Vol. 3, pp. 80-81.
  2. ^ A b Jim B. Comber: Orchids of Java . Pp. 25-26.
  3. ^ Robert L. Dressler: Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family . Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-45058-6 , pp. 118 .
  4. ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Cystorchis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved March 26, 2020.