Hetaeria

Hetaeria
	Hetaeria affinis (as Hetaeria rubens ) in: ; G. King, R. Pantling: ; The Orchids of the Sikkim-Himalaya; (1898)
Systematics
Order :	Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family :	Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily :	Orchidoideae
Tribe :	Cranichideae
Sub tribus :	Goodyerinae
Genre :	Hetaeria
Scientific name
	Hetaeria
	flower

Hetaeria is a genus from the family of the orchid (Orchidaceae). It consists of about 30 types of herbaceous plants that are native to tropical Africa, Asia and Australia.

description

The species of the genus Hetaeria form a fleshy rhizome . The roots arise at the nodes of the rhizome, they are fleshy and hairy. The rhizome eventually grows upwards and forms the leafy shoot. The leaves can be densely packed in a rosette or be distributed at intervals on the shoot. They are oval to lanceolate, somewhat asymmetrical in shape.

Hetaeria oblongifolia

The racemose inflorescence is terminal. While the lower part of the stem axis is bald, there are hairs on the inflorescence axis. The bracts between the top leaf and the bottom flower encompass the stem axis. The hairy bracts are about as long as the ovary and flower stalk together. The ovary, which is not twisted or barely twisted, can be hairy or hairless. The flowers are usually not resupinated , so the lip is on top, sometimes sideways due to incomplete rotation of the flower. The petals are not fused together. The sepals have the same shape, the base of the lateral sepals encompasses the lip. The petals are linear to spatulate, they adhere to the upper petal. The lip is at the base to about half of their length with the edges of the column grown. The basal part of the lip, the hypochil, is bowl-shaped with lateral appendages on the inside, rarely a spur is formed. This part of the lip is characterized in some species by longitudinal keels. In the middle part, the mesochil, the edges are turned up. This middle part can also be missing, so that in some species the front part, the epichil, is directly attached to the bowl-shaped base. This can be entire or bilobed. The column is short, at the front it has two thin to fleshy appendages that are roughly square to spatula-shaped, rarely are there only indistinct elevations on the edge of the column. The oval stamen contains two club-shaped to oval pollinia , each of which is connected to the adhesive disc (Viscidium) by a small stalk. The scar usually consists of two separate surfaces. The separating tissue between the stigma and the stamen (rostellum) is triangular and incised. The spindle-shaped capsule fruit stands upright.

Occurrence

Hetaeria is native to the tropics of the Old World . The genus inhabits the wetter areas of tropical West Africa, the east side of Madagascar, the South and Southeast Asian mainland, the Philippine and Indonesian islands, the northeast of Australia and some Pacific islands such as New Caledonia , Vanuatu , as far as Samoa and Tahiti . Hetaeria can be found from sea level to altitudes of 2000 meters. They grow in the humus layer in damp forests.

Systematics and botanical history

Hetaeria is classified within the tribe Cranichideae in the subtribe Goodyerinae . According to Dressler, this can be further divided into two groups; Hetaeria is in the smaller group with two separate scar surfaces. The genus Zeuxine is closely related, but can be distinguished by the resupinated flowers.

The genus Hetaeria was established in 1825 by Carl Ludwig Blume as Etaeria , but the current spelling is established as valid. The name comes from the Greek ἑταῖρος hetairos , "companion", and is intended to denote the close relationship to other genera established by Blume. The type species is Hetaeria oblongifolia .

Illustration of Hetaeria mannii (A – E), left)

Hetaeria youngsayei

There are currently around 27 species of Hetaeria :

Hetaeria affinis (handle.) Seidenf. & Ormerod : Eastern Himalayas to China and Indochina.
Hetaeria alta Ridl. : Indochina to western Malesia.
Hetaeria anomala Lindl. (Syn .: Hetaeria hainanensis Tang & FTWang ): Sikkim to Thailand and Malesia.
Hetaeria armata Ormerod & HAPedersen : Thai peninsula.
Hetaeria baeuerlenii Schltr. : Papua New Guinea.
Hetaeria callosa (JJSm.) Ormerod : New Guinea to New Ireland.
Hetaeria elata Hook.f. : Malay Peninsula to the Philippines.
Hetaeria elegans Ridl. : Malay Peninsula.
Hetaeria finlaysoniana Seidenf. : Sri Lanka and China to Indochina.
Hetaeria gardneri (Thwaites) Benth. ex Hook.f. : Sri Lanka.
Hetaeria gautierensis J.J.Sm. : It is also called Rhomboda polygonoides (F.Muell.) Ormerod in the genus Rhomboda .
Hetaeria goodyeroides Schltr. : Papua New Guinea.
Hetaeria heterosepala (Rchb.f.) Summerh. : Tropical West Africa to Tanzania, Madagascar.
Hetaeria hylophiloides (Carr) Ormerod & JJWood : Borneo.
Hetaeria lamellata flower : Java.
Hetaeria latipetala Schltr. : New Guinea.
Hetaeria linguella (Carr) JJWood & Ormerod : Sarawak .
Hetaeria mannii (Rchb.f.) Benth. ex Durand & Schinz : West-central tropical Africa.
Hetaeria obliqua flower : Hainan, Nicobar Islands, Thailand to western Malesia.
Hetaeria oblongifolia flower (Syn .: Hetaeria nitida Ridl. , Hetaeria ovalifolia (Wight) Hook.f. ): Southwest India, Indochina to the Nansei Islands and the islands in the western Pacific
Hetaeria occidentalis Summerh. : Western and west-central tropical Africa.
Hetaeria pelota N. Pearce & PJCribb : Northern Bhutan .
Hetaeria rhombipetala Ormerod & JJWood : Sabah .
Hetaeria rostrata J.J.Sm. : Western Sumatra.
Hetaeria tetraptera (Rchb.f.) Summerh. : Nigeria to west-central tropical Africa.
Hetaeria vaginalis Rchb.f. : Comoros.
Hetaeria whitmeei Rchb.f. : Islands of the Southwest Pacific.
Hetaeria youngsayei Ormerod : Hong Kong to Indochina.

No longer counted in this genus:

Hetaeria xenantha Ohwi & T.Koyama => Zeuxine agyokuana Fukuy.

literature

Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 .
Xinqi Chen, Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. Cribb, Paul Ormerod: Hetaeria . In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . tape 25 . Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis ( eFloras.org - 1994+).
Jim B. Comber: Orchids of Java . Bentham-Moxon Trust, Kew 1990, ISBN 0-947643-21-4 , pp. 40-42 .

Web links

Commons : Hetaeria - album with pictures, videos and audio files

List of orchid genera

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Xinqi Chen, Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. Cribb, Paul Ormerod: Hetaeria . In: Flora of China . Vol. 25, p. 65.
^ ^A ^b ^c ^d ^e Paul Ormerod, Phillip Cribb, Alec M. Pridgeon: Hetaeria . In: Genera Orchidacearum . Vol. 3, pp. 102-105.
^ Robert L. Dressler: Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family . Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-45058-6 , pp. 118 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Hetaeria. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 12, 2018.

[FoC-1] Xinqi Chen, Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. Cribb, Paul Ormerod: Hetaeria . In: Flora of China . Vol. 25, p. 65.

[GO-2] A ^b ^c ^d ^e Paul Ormerod, Phillip Cribb, Alec M. Pridgeon: Hetaeria . In: Genera Orchidacearum . Vol. 3, pp. 102-105.

[Dressler-3] Robert L. Dressler: Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family . Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-45058-6 , pp. 118 .

[WCSP-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Hetaeria. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 12, 2018.