Anoectochilus

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Anoectochilus
Anoectochilus setaceus, illustration from 1844 from Curtis's Botanical Magazine

Anoectochilus setaceus , illustration from 1844 from Curtis's Botanical Magazine

Systematics
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily : Orchidoideae
Tribe : Cranichideae
Sub tribus : Goodyerinae
Genre : Anoectochilus
Scientific name
Anoectochilus
flower

The genus Anoectochilus from the family of the orchid (Orchidaceae) consists of about 50 species. The small, herbaceous plants are widespread in the forests of Southeast Asia .

description

Anoectochilus species have a creeping rhizome from which the shoots arise. The leaves are loosely shaped like a rosette at the base of the shoot. The short petiole encompasses the stem. The broad oval leaf blade is green or brown to blackish in color, the leaf veins are white, yellow to orange.

The terminal, hairy, racemose inflorescence bears some white, mostly resupinated flowers . The petals are free, the outer three are hairy on the outside and dark in color. The two petals and the upper sepal are inclined protectively above the column , while the lateral sepals are spread apart. The lip forms a sack-like spur at its base, which can be divided into two at the end. Within the spur there are two glandular appendages. The central portion of the lip is narrow and curled into a tube so that the bottom of the lip faces up. From this underside arise numerous thread-like appendages that point sideways. The end of the lip is broad and entire to bilobed. The column has a two-row callus on the underside and the stamen sits on the top . It contains two pollinia that are connected by stalks with an adhesive plate (Viscidium). The scar consists of two separate areas that are located on the front side on the underside of the column.

Chromosome counts usually found 2n = 40.

distribution

The genus Anoectochilus is widespread in tropical and subtropical areas of South and Southeast Asia. In the west the border of distribution runs through India, the northern border runs along the southern flank of the Himalayas. Back India , Malaysia, the islands of Indonesia, Taiwan, the Ryūkyū Islands and the south of Japan are settled in the north . In the southwest the area extends to Australia, further to New Caledonia , the Solomon Islands , Vanuatu , the Fiji Islands and Samoa . The species Anoectochilus sandvicensis occurs in Hawaii.

The plants grow in the undergrowth of moist forests. They occur up to altitudes of 2100 meters.

Systematics and botanical history

Anoectochilus regalis

The genus Anoectochilus is placed within the orchid family in the tribe Cranichideae and there in the sub- tribus Goodyerinae . The demarcation to the related genus Odontochilus is handled differently: sometimes it is viewed as a synonym , and the assignment of individual species varies.

Carl Ludwig Blume established the genus in 1825 with the type species Anoectochilus setaceus . Just one year later, Nathaniel Wallich published the name Chrysobaphus ( Chrysobaphus roxburghii as type), which is now regarded as a synonym for Anoectochilus . In the first description the spelling is Anecochilus , a typographical error according to today's reading. The name is derived from the Greek words (ἀνοίγω = I open) ἀνοικτός anoiktos , "open" and χεῖλος cheilos , "lip" and refers to the open appearance of the flower with a widely spread lip.

The following species are considered valid by Kew Gardens:

No longer counted in this genus:

use

Some species from this genus are collected in China, Taiwan, Vietnam and Sri Lanka and processed into medicine.

Plants from this genus can occasionally be found in culture. You need fairly evenly warm and humid conditions. The plant substrate must be both permeable and water-storing. Because of the long rhizomes, you need flat planters with a large diameter.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Anoectochilus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 6, 2018.

literature

  • Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3/2 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 , pp. 69-72 .
  • Jim B. Comber: Orchids of Java . Bentham-Moxon Trust, Kew 1990, ISBN 0-947643-21-4 , pp. 38-39 .

Web links

Commons : Anoectochilus  - album with pictures, videos and audio files