Odontochilus

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Odontochilus
Odontochilus lanceolatus, 1918 illustration from Curtis's Botanical Magazine

Odontochilus lanceolatus , 1918 illustration from Curtis's Botanical Magazine

Systematics
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily : Orchidoideae
Tribe : Cranichideae
Sub tribus : Goodyerinae
Genre : Odontochilus
Scientific name
Odontochilus
flower

The plant genus odontochilus belongs to the family of orchids (Orchidaceae). The approximately 56 species are common in the forests of East and Southeast Asia.

description

Vegetative characteristics

Odontochilus species grow as small, perennial herbaceous plants . They have a creeping rhizome from which the shoots arise. The thread-like roots arise individually at the nodes of the rhizome.

The leaves are distributed along the stem axis or are pressed into a loose rosette . The short petiole encompasses the stem. The leaf blade is oval-lanceolate to almost round in shape, its color is green to reddish, marbled leaves or leaves with light stripes are rare. Few species are mykoheterotrophic plants without leaves.

Generative characteristics

The terminal, racemose or single-flowered inflorescence can be hairy or hairless. On peduncle are one or more stalks comprehensive bracts , the bracts of the flowers are as long as pedicel and ovary . The ovary is twisted, the flowers are resupinated .

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and threefold. The three outer bracts ( sepals ) can be free or up to about halfway together. The two lateral petals adhere with the upper edge to the upper sepal. The lip is divided into three parts: the base (hypochil) is hemispherical in shape, and inside there are two glandular appendages. The middle part (mesochil) of the lip is narrow and rolled into a tube, the edges of the lip are bulging here and provided with various appendages. The end of the lip is broad and entire to bilobed. The column can be shaped in different ways: straight to S-shaped, sometimes twisted asymmetrically. At the edge of the column there are two membranous to fleshy wings. The stamen is oval, it contains two club-shaped to pear-shaped pollinia . These are connected to a small adhesive plate (Viscidium) via stalks. The scar consists of two adjacent or completely interconnected surfaces. The separating tissue between the stigma and the stamen (rostellum) is triangular; after the viscidium has been removed, a bilobed remnant remains.

The capsule fruit is oval.

Chromosome counts determined x = 15 as the base number, with individual species the chromosome set is 2n = 60, 2n = 120, with Odontochilus inabae 2n = 28 were counted.

Occurrence

The genus Odontochilus is widespread in tropical and subtropical areas of East and Southeast Asia. In the west the border of distribution runs through India, the northern border runs along the southern flank of the Himalayas. The southern part of Japan, southern China and Taiwan, rear India , Malaysia and the islands of Indonesia are settled. In the southwest the area extends to New Caledonia , the Solomon Islands , Vanuatu , the Fiji Islands and Samoa .

The Odontochilus species grow in the understory of moist forests. They occur up to an altitude of 2300 meters.

Illustration of Odontochilus hasseltii (Fig.LXVIII, below)

Systematics

The genus Odontochilus belongs to the Unterertribus Goodyerinae from the tribe Cranichideae in the subfamily Orchidoideae within the family Orchidaceae . The demarcation to the related genus Anoectochilus is handled differently: sometimes it is viewed as a synonym , and the assignment of individual species varies.

The genus Odontochilus was established in 1858 by Carl Ludwig Blume . The generic name Odontochilus is derived from the Greek words ὀδούς odontos for "tooth" and χεῖλος cheilos for "lip" and refers to the toothed edge of the central part of the lip. Type species is Odontochilus flavescens (flower) flower . Synonyms for Odontochilus (flower) are: Cystopus (flower) nom. illeg., Pristiglottis Cretz. & JJSm. , Evrardia Gagnep. nom. illeg., Evrardiana Aver. nom. illegal.

There have been around 56 species of Odontochilus since 2016 :

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Xinqi Chen, Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. Cribb, Paul Ormerod: Odontochilus . In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . tape 25 . Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis 2009 ( eFloras.org ).
  2. ↑ a b c d e Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 , pp. 127-129 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Odontochilus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved March 28, 2020.

Web links

Commons : Odontochilus  - album with pictures, videos and audio files