Creeping net leaf
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Creeping net leaf ( Goodyera repens ) |
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The Creeping tresses ( Goodyera repens ) from the genus tresses ( Goodyera ) is the only evergreen plant from the family of orchids (Orchidaceae) in Germany. It has edaphic roots in mossy pine forests and is regionally widespread in Germany, but rarely occurs overall.
description
Crawling the network sheet is a nondescript, delicate, evergreen and perennial herbaceous growing Geophyt , the rhizomes forms as Überdauerungsorgane and reaches stature heights of about 5 to 30 centimeters.
The plant takes root near the surface in moss and humus . It reproduces very strongly vegetatively through side shoots of the creeping rhizome. A new shoot often grows to flowering over years and then dies. Because of this growth cycle, the creeping reticulum is the only evergreen native orchid.
Three to eight leaves , visible all year round, are crowded on the stem base. In contrast to most other monocot plants, the stalked leaves have a clearly visible reticulate structure.
The slender, usually something that is skewed, spiked inflorescence , velvet flower stalk is hairy and carries some bracts .
The small white flowers are also strongly papillose hairy. The bracts incline bell-shaped together. The lip is about 4 mm long, bulbous in the back and runny to the front, tapering to a point and curved downwards.
The flowering period begins in mid-June and extends to mid-August.
The chromosome number of the species is 2n = 30 or 40.
ecology
The creeping net leaf is an evergreen hemicryptophyte . The rhizome creeps in the moss or humus and is not sharply delimited from the air sprouts. The flower shoots die shortly after flowering together with the associated rosette of leaves. It is the only evergreen orchid in Germany. Tubers are not present. The plant lives with a mycorrhizal fungus in endotrophic orchid-type mycorrhiza . The fungus is a member of the genus Rhizoctonia ( Hyphomycetes ), to which u. a. belongs to the causative agent of beet rot .
The flowers are nectar- bearing orchis-type lip flowers. The sweet-smelling flowers stand in light-twisted multi-flowered bunches; their pollinia are granular. It is pollinated by bumblebees . The flowering period begins in mid-June and extends to mid-August.
The fruits are scattered capsules that release seeds weighing only 0.002 mg; these are among the lightest seeds in the plant kingdom and spread like granular flyers. Fruit ripens in October.
The vegetative reproduction is lively and occurs through runners-like side shoots of the creeping rhizome.
In Central Europe their occurrence was favored by human forest management, in particular by modern pine afforestation .
The creeping net leaf grows in moss-rich, moderately moist to moderately dry coniferous forests, mostly pine or larch forests, less often in mixed forests. It prefers light or partially shaded areas. In Central Europe it occurs mainly on soils rich in bases.
distribution
The range of the species is very large. It encompasses the entire boreal zone of the northern hemisphere in a circumpolar manner and radiates to the south in the mountains of the temperate to meridional zones. The creeping net leaf occurs in Europe with the exception of the Mediterranean areas, in the Caucasus , in Central Asia , in the Himalayas , in the East Asian mountains as well as in the boreal zone and in the mountains of North America .
- Germany
In Germany the main areas of distribution are in the Bavarian Alps , in the Swabian and Franconian Jura , in Thuringia , northeast Hesse and Lower Franconia . Outside of this distribution area it is only rarely found in Germany.
- Switzerland
The more dense distribution areas in Switzerland are between the rivers Aare and Rhone , Rhine and Inn . In the Alpine valleys, it is often with the heather socialized. It can only be found scattered in the foothills of the Alps and the Swiss Jura .
Locations and distribution in Central Europe
The creeping net leaf needs dry and at least superficially decalcified soil with a raw humus layer that is difficult to decompose. Even moderately high concentrations of nitrogen cannot be tolerated.
It inhabits spruce and pine forests, and in the Alps also shrubbery accompanying streams. It prefers locations with dry summers or with "physiologically" dry soils, such as the decalcified loam over karstified limestone.
It occurs only sporadically in the lowlands west of the Elbe; It is more common in the lowlands east of the Elbe, but overall - as elsewhere - it is rare, and it is absent in large areas of Central Europe. It rises up to 2000 m in the Alps. In the Allgäu Alps, it occurs in the Tyrolean part on the way from Elbigenalp to Bernhardseck up to 1500 m above sea level. According to Baumann and Künkele , the species has the following altitude limits in the Alpine countries: Germany 5–2070 meters, France 0–1900 meters, Switzerland 380–1850 meters, Liechtenstein 560–1650 meters, Austria 300–2070 meters, Italy 360–2045 meters, Slovenia 350-1000 meters. In Europe it rises up to 2070 meters, in the Himalayas up to 4000 meters above sea level.
Conservation and endangerment
Like all orchid species found in Europe, the creeping net leaf is also subject to strict protection by European and national laws.
- Red List Germany: -
- Red list federal states: Baden-Württemberg : V, Bavaria : 3, Brandenburg : 0, Berlin : 0, Hamburg : 0, Hesse : 3, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania : 1, Lower Saxony / Bremen : 1, North Rhine-Westphalia : n, Rhineland- Palatinate : 3, Saarland : 1, Saxony : 0, Saxony-Anhalt : 2, Schleswig-Holstein : 0, Thuringia : 2.
The creeping reticulum is threatened in secondary locations in particular by natural succession. When pine forests are infiltrated by deciduous trees and eventually develop into mixed forests, the orchid species disappears very quickly.
Systematics
The Swedish botanist Carl von Linné gave the species the name Satyrium repens in his work Species Plantarum in 1753 . The Scottish botanist Robert Brown referred to this basionyma in 1813 , but classified the plant species in the genus Goodyera .
There are also other synonyms :
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Picture gallery
Creeping net leaf
( Goodyera repens )
Creeping net leaf
( Goodyera repens )
Small population
Creeping reticulate leaf
( Goodyera repens )
inflorescence
Creeping net leaf
( Goodyera repens )
flowers
Creeping net leaf
( Goodyera repens )
leaves
Creeping net leaf
( Goodyera repens )
shoots in March
Creeping reticulated leaf
( Goodyera repens )
fruit clusters and young leaves
Creeping Net Leaf
( Goodyera repens )
Bud plant
Creeping net leaf
( Goodyera repens )
Creeping net leaf
( Goodyera repens )
rosette of leaves
Sources and further information
literature
- Standard literature on orchids
- AHO (Ed.): The orchids of Germany . Verlag AHO Thuringia, Uhlstädt - Kirchhasel 2005, ISBN 3-00-014853-1 .
- Helmut Baumann, Siegfried Künkele: The wild growing orchids of Europe. Franckh, 1982, ISBN 3-440-05068-8 .
- Karl-Peter Buttler : Orchids, the wild growing species of Europe . Mosaik Verlag 1986, ISBN 3-570-04403-3 .
- Robert L. Dressler: The orchids - biology and systematics of the Orchidaceae . (1996) - good work on the subject of systematics [German]
- Hans Sundermann : European and Mediterranean orchids . Brücke-Verlag, 2nd edition: 1975, ISBN 3-87105-010-5 .
- JG Williams: Orchids of Europe with North Africa and Asia Minor . BLV Verlag, ISBN 3-405-11901-4 .
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
- Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe , Franckh-Kosmos-Verlag, 2nd revised edition 1994, 2000, volume 5, ISBN 3 440-08048-X
Individual evidence
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 398.
- ↑ a b Helmut Baumann , Siegfried Künkele : Orchidaceae . In: Oskar Sebald u. a .: The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition Volume 8, page 336. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1998. ISBN 3-8001-3359-8
- ↑ Korsch, H .; Westhus, W .: Red List of Ferns and Flowering Plants (Pteridophyta et Spermatophyta) of Thuringia . In: Fritzlar et al .: Red List of Thuringia (Hrsg.): Naturschutzreport . tape 26 . Jena 2011, p. 366-390 .
Web links
Wikispecies: Creeping Reticulated Leaf ( Goodyera repens ) - Species directoryDistribution maps:
Regional links:
- The orchids of the Rhön: Creeping net leaf ( Goodyera repens )
- The orchids of Germany: Goodyera repens
- AGEO Switzerland Goodyera repens
- Den Nordiska Floran (Swedish)
See also: