Chamaegastrodia
| Chamaegastrodia | ||||||||||||
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Chamaegastrodia shikokiana |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Chamaegastrodia | ||||||||||||
| Makino & F. Maek. |
Chamaegastrodia is a genus from the family of the orchid (Orchidaceae). It consists of only three types of herbaceous plants that are native to East and Southeast Asia.
description
The species of the genus Chamaegastrodia are yellowish or reddish brown, they live mykoheterotroph and do not form chlorophyll . The underground rhizome is branched and covered with tubular lower leaves . There are also lower leaves on the upright part of the stem axis, foliage leaves are missing. The plants can be hairy or hairless.
The racemose inflorescence is terminal. The inflorescence axis is covered by a few bracts . The bracts are about as long as ovary and pedicel together. The ovary is not twisted and is cylindrical to spindle-shaped. The flowers are not resupinated , bell-shaped and the petals are not fused together. The three sepals are roughly shaped, oval and the two lateral ones encircle the base of the lip . The lateral petals are elongated and lanceolate to spatulate, sometimes they adhere to the upper petal. The lip is divided into three parts: the basal part, the hypochil, is bowl-shaped to semicircular with lateral appendages. In the middle part, the mesochil, the edges are turned upwards so that the lip almost forms a tube here. The edges of the lip are provided with smooth or serrated ridges in the central part. The front part, the epichil, is bilobed. The column is short, it has two lateral, forward-facing appendages. The oval stamen contains two pollinia , each of which is connected to the adhesive disc ( Viscidium ) by a small stalk . The scar consists of two separate or fused areas. The dividing tissue between the stigma and the stamen (rostellum) is triangular and thin, after removing the viscidium, the end is whole or slightly divided into two parts.
Occurrence
Chamaegastrodia species are widespread in East and Southeast Asia, they occur in Japan, Korea, China, along the southeastern edge of the Himalaya to Nepal and Assam. They mostly colonize higher altitudes from 1500 to 2600 meters, Chamaegastrodia shikokiana probably also occurs in lower elevations in Japan. They grow in humus soil in shady forests.
Systematics and botanical history
Chamaegastrodia is classified within the tribe Cranichideae in the subtribe Goodyerinae . According to Dressler, this can be further divided into two groups; Chamaegastrodia is in the smaller group with two separate scar surfaces. The genera Odontochilus and Kuhlhasseltia are very similar, differing in the resupinated flowers and details of the lip and column. Other mykoheterotrophic species, which were described under the generic name Evrardia or Evrardianthe , were variously counted as Chamaegastrodia , but are now regarded as Odontochilus species.
The genus Chamaegastrodia was established in 1935 by Tomitarō Makino and Fumio Maekawa . The name is composed of the Greek word χαμαί chamai , "low", and the orchid genus Gastrodia , since the type species, Chamaegastrodia shikokiana , resembles a small Gastrodia species.
There are currently three types of Chamaegastrodia :
- Chamaegastrodia inverta (WWSm.) Seidenf. : It occurs in Sichuan and Yunnan.
- Chamaegastrodia shikokiana Makino & F.Maek. : It occurs from Assam to Japan.
- Chamaegastrodia vaginata (Hook.f.) Seidenf. : It occurs from the eastern Himalayas to south-central China.
literature
- Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 .
- Xinqi Chen, Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. Cribb, Paul Ormerod: Chamaegastrodia . In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . tape 25 . Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis ( eFloras.org - 1994+).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Paul Ormerod, Phillip Cribb: Chamaegastrodia . In: Genera Orchidacearum . Vol. 3, pp. 74-77.
- ^ A b Xinqi Chen, Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. Cribb: Chamaegastrodia . In: Flora of China . Vol. 25, p. 69.
- ↑ a b c d e Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Chamaegastrodia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 9, 2018.
- ^ Robert L. Dressler: Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family . Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-45058-6 , pp. 118 .
