Gastrodia

Gastrodia
	Gastrodia elata
Systematics
Order :	Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family :	Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily :	Epidendroideae
Tribe :	Gastrodieae
Sub tribus :	Gastrodiinae
Genre :	Gastrodia
Scientific name
	Gastrodia
	R.Br.

Gastrodia is a loose leaf green plant species from the family of the orchid (Orchidaceae). It consists of 93 species and was first described by Robert Brown .

features

Gastrodia have given up photosynthesis and accordingly no longer produce chlorophyll . Instead, they live myco-heterotrophically on a fungus that feeds the plants. Probably it is honey fungus . This would make Gastrodia the only myco-heterotrophic plants that do not depend on a mycorrhizal fungus , alongside the related orchids of the genus Galeola .

The rhizome is fleshy and bulbous, the flowers tubular to bell-shaped.

Occurrence

The plants of this genus are distributed from Southeast Asia ( China , Tibet , Malaysia ) to Australia and New Zealand . They live in damp to wet locations with high proportions of rotting organic material.

Gastrodia cooperae

Gastrodia entomogama

Gastrodia cunninghamii

Gastrodia procera

Gastrodia sesamoides

Systematics and botanical history

The genus Gastrodia was described by Robert Brown in 1810. The name comes from the Greek word γαστροειδής gastroeides , "bulbous, bulbous". It refers to the pronounced shape of the lateral sepals. Type species is Gastrodia sesamoides .

Gastrodia is classified within the tribe Gastrodieae in the subtribe Gastrodiinae .

species

According to R. Govaerts, around 93 species are recognized:

Gastrodia abscondita J.J.Sm. : Western Java.
Gastrodia africana Kraenzl. : Southwest Cameroon.
Gastrodia albida T.C.Hsu & CMKuo : China, Taiwan, Japan.
Gastrodia albidoides Y.H.Tan & TCHsu : Yunnan, Thailand.
Gastrodia amamiana Suetsugu : Nansei Islands .
Gastrodia angusta S.Chow & SCChen : China.
Gastrodia appendiculata C.S. Leou & NJChung : Taiwan.
Gastrodia arunachalensis S.N. Hegde & ANRao : Arunachal Pradesh .
Gastrodia ballii P.J. Cribb & Browning : Malawi, Zimbabwe, Mozambique.
Gastrodia bambu Metusala : Java.
Gastrodia boninensis Tuyama : Ogasawara Islands .
Gastrodia cajanoae Barcelona & Pelser : Philippines.
Gastrodia callosa J.J.Sm. : Taiwan, Java.
Gastrodia celebica Schltr. : Sulawesi.
Gastrodia clausa T.C.Hsu, SWChung & CMKuo : Nansei Islands to Taiwan.
Gastrodia confusa Honda & Tuyama : Temperate East Asia.
Gastrodia confusoides T.C.Hsu, SWChung & CMKuo : Taiwan.
Gastrodia cooperae Lehnebach & JRRolfe : New Zealand.
Gastrodia crassisepala L.O.Williams : New Guinea.
Gastrodia crebriflora D.L.Jones : Queensland.
Gastrodia crispa J.J.Sm. : Western Java.
Gastrodia cunninghamii Hook.f. : New Zealand, Vanuatu.
Gastrodia damingshanensis A.Q.Hu & TCHsu : Guangxi.
Gastrodia dyeriana King & Pantl. : Eastern Himalayas.
Gastrodia effusa P.T.Ong & P.O'Byrne : Malaysia, Borneo.
Gastrodia elata flower : Jimalaya to Far Eastern Russia and temperate East Asia.
Gastrodia elatoides W.C. Huang, GWHu & QFWang : Madagascar.
Gastrodia entomogama D.L.Jones : New South Wales to Tasmania.
Gastrodia exilis Hook.f. : India, Assam to Thailand, Sumatra.
Gastrodia falconeri D.L. Jones & MAClem. : Pakistan to Nepal.
Gastrodia fimbriata Suddee : Southwestern Thailand.
Gastrodia flavilabella S.S.Ying : Taiwan.
Gastrodia flexistyla T.C.Hsu & CMKuo : Taiwan.
Gastrodia flexistyloides Suetsugu : Southern Japan to Nansei Islands.
Gastrodia fontinalis T.P.Lin : Japan to Taiwan.
Gastrodia fujianensis Liang Ma, Xin Y.Chen & SPChen : Fujian .
Gastrodia gracilis flower : Japan and Taiwan.
Gastrodia grandilabris Carr : Borneo.
Gastrodia holttumii Carr : Malaysia.
Gastrodia huapingensis X.Y. Huang, AQHu & Yan Liu : Guangxi .
Gastrodia isabelensis T.C.Hsu : Solomon Islands .
Gastrodia javanica (flower) Lindl. : Thailand to Malesia.
Gastrodia kachinensis X.H.Jin & LAYe : Myanmar.
Gastrodia kaohsiungensis T.P.Lin : Taiwan.
Gastrodia khangii Aver. : Vietnam.
Gastrodia kuroshimensis Suetsugu : Japan.
Gastrodia lacista D.L. Jones : Southwest Australia.
Gastrodia longitubularis Q.W.Meng : Hainan.
Gastrodia madagascariensis Schltr. ex H.Perrier : Northeastern Madagascar.
Gastrodia major ave. : Southern Vietnam.
Gastrodia maliauensis Suetsugu, Suleiman & Tsukaya : Borneo.
Gastrodia menghaiensis Z.H.Tsi & SCChen : Southern Yunnan.
Gastrodia minor Petrie : New Zealand.
Gastrodia mishmensis A.N. Rao : Arunachal Pradesh .
Gastrodia molloyi Lehnebach & JRRolfe : New Zealand.
Gastrodia nantoensis T.C.Hsu & CMKuo ex TPLin : Taiwan.
Gastrodia nipponica (Honda) Tuyama : Japan to Taiwan.
Gastrodia nipponicoides Suetsugu : Okinawa .
Gastrodia okinawensis Suetsugu : Okinawa .
Gastrodia papuana Schltr. : Papua New Guinea.
Gastrodia peichatieniana S.S.Ying (Syn .: Gastrodia autumnalis T.P.Lin ): Guangdong and Taiwan.
Gastrodia phangngaensis Suddee, Sirim. & Chamch. : Thailand.
Gastrodia procera G.W.Carr : Victoria (Australia) .
Gastrodia pubilabiata Sawa : Japan to Taiwan.
Gastrodia punctata Aver. : Southern Vietnam.
Gastrodia queenslandica Dockrill : Northern Queensland.
Gastrodia rubinea T.P.Lin : Taiwan.
Gastrodia rwandensis Eb.Fisch. & Killmann : Rwanda.
Gastrodia sabahensis J.J.Wood & ALLamb : Borneo to the Philippines.
Gastrodia selabintanensis Tsukaya & Hidayat : Java.
Gastrodia sesamoides R.Br. : Southern and Eastern Australia.
Gastrodia shimizuana Tuyama : Nansei Islands to Taiwan.
Gastrodia silentvalleyana C.S.Kumar, PCSKumar, Sibi & S.Anil Kumar : Kerala .
Gastrodia similis Bosser : Réunion.
Gastrodia solomonensis T.C.Hsu : Solomon Islands.
Gastrodia spatulata (Carr) JJWood : Borneo and Java.
Gastrodia stapfii Hayata : China, Nansei Islands to Taiwan.
Gastrodia sui C.S. Leou : Taiwan.
Gastrodia surcula D.L.Jones : New South Wales.
Gastrodia taiensis Tuyama : Northwestern Vietnam.
Gastrodia takeshimensis Suetsugu : Japan to the Nansei Islands.
Gastrodia tembatensis P.T.Ong & P.O'Byrne : Malaysia.
Gastrodia theana Aver. : Thailand, Vietnam, Taiwan.
Gastrodia tonkinensis Aver. & Averyanova : Northern Vietnam.
Gastrodia tuberculata F.Y.Liu & SCChen : Yunnan.
Gastrodia umbrosa B.Gray : Queensland.
Gastrodia uraiensis T.C.Hsu & CMKuo : Taiwan.
Gastrodia urceolata D.L. Jones : Queensland.
Gastrodia verrucosa flower : Thailand, Sumatra to Java.
Gastrodia vescula D.L.Jones : Southern Australia.
Gastrodia wuyishanensis Da M.Li & CDLiu : Western Fujian .
Gastrodia zeylanica Schltr. : Southwest Sri Lanka .

use

The bulbous rhizomes are used in Chinese medicine for headaches and migraines, while the Maori use them as food.

literature

N. Hoffman, A. Brown: Orchids of South-west Australia. University of Western Australia Press, Nedlands 1998, ISBN 1-876268-18-2 .
Subhuti Dharmananda: Remarkable Symbiotic Plant-Fungus. OCLC 234317634 ( itmonline.org ).
Rebecca J. Frey: Gastrodia. In: Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine. Thomson Gale, 2006. ( health.enotes.com ( Memento of November 12, 2006 in the Internet Archive )).
M. Bidartondo: The evolutionary ecology of myco-heterotrophy. In: New Phytologist. Volume 167, 2005, pp. 335-352, Tansley Review ( bio.ic.ac.uk ( Memento of September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), PDF).

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp Rafaël Govaerts (Ed. ): Gastrodia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 7, 2020.

Web links

Commons : Gastrodia - album with pictures, videos and audio files

[WCSP-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp Rafaël Govaerts (Ed. ): Gastrodia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 7, 2020.