Hylophila
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Hylophila is a genus from the family of the orchid (Orchidaceae). It consists of five types of herbaceous plants that are native to tropical Southeast Asia.
description
The species of the genus Hylophila are relatively large, mostly terrestrial orchids with large leaves. They form a long, fleshy rhizome . The fibrous roots arise at the nodes of the rhizome. The rhizome eventually grows upwards and forms the leafy shoot. The leaves are obliquely lanceolate to oval in shape, at the base they run out into a short petiole that surrounds the stem in a tubular shape.
The racemose inflorescence is terminal. While the lower part of the branch axle is bald, the inflorescence axis is hairy, as the bracts between supreme fallen leaf and flower unterster, the bracts , the ovary and the outer sides of the sepals . The bracts are about as long as ovary and pedicel together. The flowers are resupinated , the cylindrical to spindle-shaped ovary is twisted. The petals are not fused together. The lateral sepals are asymmetrically shaped and surround the lip with their base. The petals are asymmetrically oval-rhombic, they adhere to the upper petal. The lip is divided into two parts: the basal part, the hypochil, is large, hemispherical to testicular-shaped. When present, the appendages appear in pairs on the inside of the lip. The front part of the lip, the epichil, adjoins it without a central part and is small, linear to oval in shape. The column has a short, thick base and tapers towards the front. The stamen is narrow oval to lanceolate, it contains two club-shaped to oval pollinia . Their long stalks adhere to each other and are connected to a common adhesive disc (Viscidium). The scar consists of an area. The separating tissue between stigma and stamen (rostellum) is triangular and deeply incised. The flower stalks do not lengthen until the capsule fruit is ripe .
Occurrence
Hylophila is native to Southeast Asia. The distribution area extends from Taiwan and Thailand southwards via Malaysia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea to the Solomon Islands. With regard to the locations, two groups can be distinguished within the genus: Hylophila lanceolata and related species occur in the shade of montane forests at altitudes of 900 to 1500 meters. They colonize moss cushions and humus pockets on rocks, occasionally also on trees. The group of species around Hylophila mollis occurs at lower altitudes of 50 to 900 meters and inhabits lighter locations.
Systematics and botanical history
Hylophila is classified within the tribe Cranichideae in the subtribe Goodyerinae . According to Dressler, this can be further divided into two groups; Hylophila is in the larger group with only one scar area. The genera Goodyera and Lepidogyne are closely related. Within the genus there are two groups that differ in terms of the demands on the location. The group around Hylophila mollis has a long peduncle, small flowers measuring around 4 mm and an oval-shaped front lip part. The other group around Hylophila lanceolata has a short peduncle, flowers up to 8 mm in size and a thin front lip part. The species are very similar within the groups.
The genus Hylophila was established by John Lindley in 1833 . The name comes from the Greek ὕλη hyle , "forest", and φίλος philios , "loving", it is said to denote the preferred location of the type species, Hylophila mollis . A synonym for Hylophila is Dicerostylis flower . This genus should differ from Hylophila by two appendages on the column ( di , "two", κόρυς keros , "horn", στῦλος stylis , "stylus, column"). However, plants have been found that are exactly alike except for these appendages of the column, so that a separation into two genera appears unjustified.
Five species are currently counted to Hylophila :
- Hylophila cheangii Holttum : It occurs in Malaysia and Borneo.
- Hylophila lanceolata (flower) Miq. : It occurs from Thailand to Malesia.
- Hylophila mollis Lindl. (Syn .: Hylophila gracilis Schltr. , Hylophila orientalis Schltr. ): It occurs in Thailand and western Malesia, also in New Guinea, in the Bismarck Archipelago and on the Solomon Islands.
- Hylophila nipponica (Fukuy.) TPLin : It occurs in southern Taiwan.
- Hylophila rubra Ames : It occurs in the Philippines.
See also
literature
- Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 , pp. 105-107 .
- Xinqi Chen, Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. Cribb: Hylophila . In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Hong Deyuan (eds.): Flora of China . tape 25 . Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis 2009 ( eFloras.org ).
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Jim B. Comber: Orchids of Java . Bentham-Moxon Trust, Kew 1990, ISBN 0-947643-21-4 , pp. 33 .
- ^ A b Xinqi Chen, Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. Cribb: Hylophila . In: Flora of China . Vol. 25, p. 54.
- ↑ a b c d e f Paul Ormerod, Phillip Cribb: Hylophila . In: Genera Orchidacearum . Vol. 3, pp. 105-107.
- ^ Robert L. Dressler: Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family . Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-45058-6 , pp. 118 .
- ↑ a b c d e f Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Hylophila. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved March 27, 2020.