Net sheet
Net sheet | ||||||||||||
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The rosette leaves of many types of net leaf have a striking pattern; here the creeping net leaf ( Goodyera repens ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Goodyera | ||||||||||||
R.Br. |
Tresses ( Goodyera ) is the name of a genus of plants from the family of orchids (Orchidaceae). The approximately 100 species are predominantly distributed in the northern hemisphere and have a focus on diversity in Southeast Asia . Some of these relatively small-flowered species are popular with orchid growers as ornamental plants because of their attractive leaves .
description
Vegetative characteristics
In Goodyera TYPES concerns perennial herbaceous plants . They have rhizomes , from which both sterile shoots with leaf rosettes and fertile shoots, usually creeping upwards at the base, branch off and end in inflorescences . Many species form runners .
The oval or lanceolate leaves have a short stalk. Usually the leaf epidermis along the main and transverse nerves is significantly lighter than the rest of the blue-green leaf surface. The upper sides of the leaves therefore usually show a high-contrast mesh pattern. The stem leaves are heaped at the base or greatly reduced.
Generative characteristics
The one-sided or slightly twisted, spike-like inflorescence consists of an unbranched axis on which unsporn, small, white-green flowers sit; the plants are reminiscent of species of the genus Spiranthes . The hermaphrodite flowers are threefold. The flowers have simple cup-like nectaries , the pollinia are sessile, the tip of the labellum is beak-shaped. The remaining five bracts form a small helmet.
Name declaration
The British botanist Robert Brown chose the scientific genus name Goodyera in honor of John Goodyer (1592–1664), who was an outstanding English plant connoisseur, botanist and plant collector of the 17th century.
In English, this genus, like the representatives of the genus Spiranthes , is referred to as ladies' tresses (“ladies curls, corkscrew curls”). This name alludes to the slightly twisted inflorescences. In America, the plants of the genus hot Goodyera rattlesnake plantain ( "Rattlesnake plantain"), because the rosettes on the one hand are similar to those of the plantain ( Plantago major ), on the other hand, the mesh pattern reminiscent of the leaf surfaces to a snake skin . It is said that compresses made from the leaves of the North American Goodyera species were also used to treat snakebites in the past .
Systematics and distribution
The genus Goodyera was in 1813 by Robert Brown in William Townsend Aiton : Hortus Kewensis; or, a Catalog of the Plants Cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew. London , 2nd edition, Volume 5, S, 197-198 prepared.
The genus Goodyera belongs to the Unterertribus Goodyerinae from the tribe Cranichideae in the subfamily Orchidoideae within the family Orchidaceae .
The genus Goodyera is pantropical and circumboreal . Of the 100 or so species, around 60 are found in Southeast Asia . There are about 29 in China and Taiwan, 12 of them only there. There is only one species on the European continent , the circumboreal creeping net leaf ( Goodyera repens ). The large-leaved net leaf ( Goodyera macrophylla ) is endemic to Madeira . Of 18 New World species, only four are found in North America . The other eight species grow in East Africa and on the islands of the Indian Ocean ( Madagascar , Réunion , Seychelles ).
The following species are included in the genus Goodyera :
- Goodyera afzelii Schltr. : Mozambique, Madagascar, Vietnam.
- Goodyera alveolata Pradhan : Bhutan to Darjeeling district .
- Goodyera amoena Schltr. : Sulawesi.
- Goodyera angustifolia Schltr. : Papua New Guinea.
- Goodyera beccarii Schltr. : Western Sumatra.
- Goodyera bifida (flower) flower : Thailand to Malesia.
- Goodyera biflora (Lindl.) Hook. f. (Syn .: Goodyera pauciflora Schltr. ): It is in India , Nepal , Korea , Japan , Taiwan , Tibet , in northern Vietnam and in the Chinese provinces of Anhui , northern Fujian , southern Gansu , Guangdong , Guizhou , southern Henan , Hubei , Hunan , Jiangsu , southern Shaanxi , Sichuan , Yunnan and Zhejiang are common.
- Goodyera bomiensis K.Y.Lang : It thrives at altitudes of 900 to 3700 meters in northern Taiwan, eastern Tibet and the Chinese provinces of western Hubei and Yunnan. According to WCSP, it is a synonym for Goodyera brachystegia .
- Goodyera boninensis Nakai : Ogasawara Islands .
- Goodyera brachystegia Hand.-Mazz. : It thrives in forests at altitudes of 1,300 to 2,000 meters in the Chinese provinces of southwestern Guizhou and central and northeastern Yunnan.
- Goodyera bracteata Thouars : Mauritius and Réunion.
- Goodyera bradeorum Schltr. : Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
- Goodyera clausa (AAEaton ex Ames) Schltr. : Philippines.
- Colorful net leaf ( Goodyera colorata (flower) flower ): It occurs in Sumatra , Borneo, Java and Malaysia.
- Goodyera condensata Ormerod & JJWood : Sabah .
- Goodyera corniculata (Rchb.f.) Ackerman : Cuba.
- Goodyera crocodiliceps Ormerod : Papua New Guinea.
- Goodyera cyclopensis Ormerod : The species first described in 2017 occurs in western New Guinea.
- Goodyera daibuzanensis Yamam. : This endemic thrives in shady locations in forests at altitudes of 700 to 1600 meters only in Taiwan.
- Goodyera denticulata J.J.Sm. : New Guinea.
- Goodyera dolabripetala (Ames) Schltr. : Southern Mexico to Guatemala.
- Goodyera elmeri (Ames) Ames : Luzon .
- Goodyera erosa (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Ames : Belize, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama.
- Goodyera erythrodoides Schltr. : Papua New Guinea to the islands in the southwestern Pacific.
- Goodyera fimbrilabia Ormerod : Mexico, Costa Rica.
- Goodyera flaccida Schltr. : Madagascar.
- Goodyera foliosa (Lindl.) Benth. ex Hook. f. (Syn .: Goodyera andersonii King & Pantl. , Goodyera Augustini Tuyama , Goodyera chilanensis S.S.Ying , Goodyera commelinoides Fukuy. , Goodyera nebularum (Hance) Rolfe , Goodyera pachyglossa Hayata , Goodyera secundiflora grip. , Goodyera sonoharae Fukuy. , Goodyera maximowicziana var. commelinoides (Fukuy.) Masam. , Goodyera foliosa var. alba S.Y. Hu & Barretto ): It is found in northeast India, Bhutan , Nepal , Myanmar , Korea , Vietnam , Japan , Taiwan, southeast Tibet and the Chinese provinces of Fujian , Guangdong , Guangxi, Sichuan, southeastern and western Yunnan.
- Goodyera fumata Thwaites (Syn .: Goodyera caudatilabella Hayata , Goodyera cyrtoglossa Hayata , Goodyera formosana Rolfe ): She is in Sri Lanka , in India on the Deccan Plateau , in Sikkim , Myanmar , Thailand , Vietnam , in Malaysia , in the Philippines ,Widespreadin the Ryūkyū Islands , Java, southeastern Taiwan, southeastern Tibet, and in the Chinese provinces of Hainan and southern Yunnan.
- Goodyera fusca (Lindl.) Hook. f. : It occurs in northeastern India, in Bhutan, Nepal, northern Myanmar, in southern to southeastern Tibet and in northwestern Yunnan.
- Goodyera gemmata J.J.Sm. : Western Sumatra.
- Goodyera gibbsiae J.J.Sm. : Western New Guinea.
- Goodyera goudotii Ormerod & Cavestro : Madagascar.
- Goodyera hachijoensis Yatabe : Central and southern Japan to Taiwan
- Goodyera hemsleyana King & Pantl. (Syn .: Goodyera dongchenii var. Gongligongensis X.H.Jin & SCChen ): It occurs in the central to western Himalayas and in northwestern Yunnan.
- Goodyera henryi Rolfe (Syn .: Goodyera foliosa var. Laevis Finet , Goodyera foliosa var. Maximowicziana (Makino) SSYing nom. Superfl., Goodyera maximowicziana Makino ): Nepal, central and southern China to the Kuriles and Taiwan
- Goodyera hispaniolae Dod : Hispaniola.
- Bristle net leaf ( Goodyera hispida Lindl. ): It occurs from eastern Nepal to the Malay Peninsula.
- Goodyera humicola (Schltr.) Schltr. : East-northeast Madagascar.
- Goodyera inmeghema Ormerod : Santa Cruz Islands to Vanuatu .
- Goodyera kwangtungensis C.L.Tso : Guangdong and Taiwan
- Goodyera lamprotaenia Schltr. (Syn .: Goodyera werneri Schltr. ): Papua New Guinea
- Goodyera lanceolata Ridl. : Malay Peninsula.
- Goodyera luzonensis Ames : Luzon .
- Goodyera macrophylla Lowe : Northern and Central Madeira.
- Goodyera major Ames & Correll : Guatemala to Costa Rica.
- Goodyera makuensis Ormerod : Yunnan
- Goodyera malipoensis Q.X.Guan & SPChen : The species first described in 2014 occurs in Yunnan.
- Goodyera marginata Lindl. : Himalayas to Sichuan and Yunnan
- Goodyera maurevertii flower : Western Java.
- Goodyera micrantha Schltr. : Costa Rica.
- Goodyera modesta Schltr. : Costa Rica.
- Goodyera myanmarica Ormerod & Sath.Kumar : Myanmar.
- Goodyera nankoensis Fukuy. : Eastern Nepal and Taiwan.
- Goodyera nantoensis Hayata (Syn .: Goodyera arisanensis Hayata ): It occurs only in northern Vietnam and on Mt. Lalashan in northern Taiwan.
- Goodyera novembrilis (Rchb. F.) Ormerod : Southern Sumatra, Java and Lesser Sunda Islands
- Goodyera oblongifolia Raf. : Southeast Alaska to the United States and northeast Mexico.
- Goodyera ovatilabia Schltr. : Costa Rica and western Panama.
- Goodyera pendula Maxim. : Southeast Tibet, Guangdong, Japan, Taiwan.
- Goodyera perrieri (Schltr.) Schltr. : Northern and Eastern Madagascar.
- Goodyera polyphylla Ormerod : El Salvador.
- Goodyera porphyrophylla Schltr. : Bismarck Archipelago.
- Goodyera procera (Ker Gawl.) Hook. : Tropical and Sub-Tropical Asia
- Hairy net leaf ( Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R.Br. ): It thrives at altitudes from 0 to 1600 meters. It is in Canada in Nova Scotia , Ontario , as well as Quebec and in the eastern to central US states of Connecticut , Indiana , Maine , Massachusetts , Michigan , New Hampshire , New Jersey , Ohio , Pennsylvania , Rhode Island , Vermont , West Virginia , Illinois , Iowa , Minnesota , Missouri , Oklahoma , Wisconsin , Alabama , Arkansas , Delaware , District of Columbia , Georgia , Kentucky , Maryland , North Carolina , South Carolina , Tennessee , Virginia, and Florida .
- Goodyera purpusii Ormerod : Mexico.
- Goodyera pusilla flower (Syn .: Goodyera shixingensis K.Y. Lang ): southern Thailand to western Malesia, northern Taiwan and Guangdong
- Goodyera ramosii Ames : Mindanao .
- Goodyera recurva Lindl. : Nepal to China
- Creeping Netzblatt ( Goodyera repens (L.) R.Br. , Syn .: Goodyera brevis Schltr. , Goodyera chinensis Schltr. , Goodyera mairei Schltr. , Goodyera marginata Lindl. , Goodyera ophioides (Fernald) Rydb. , Goodyera repens var. Ophioides Fernald , Goodyera repens var. Marginata (Lindl.) Tang & FTWang , Goodyera repens var. Japonica Nakai , Goodyera repens subsp. Ophioides (Fernald) Á.Löve & W.Simon ): It is widespread in Eurasia and North America.
- Java reticulate leaf ( Goodyera reticulata (flower) flower ): It occurs on Sumatra and Java.
- Goodyera rhombodoides Aver. : Northern Vietnam.
- Goodyera robusta hook. f. (Syn .: Goodyera badendaliana var. Robusta (Hook. F.) Av.Bhattacharjee & HJChowdhery , Goodyera bilamellata Hayata , Goodyera dongchenii Lucksom ): Assam to China, Taiwan
- Goodyera rosea (H.Perrier) Ormerod : Madagascar, Réunion.
- Goodyera rostellata Ames & C.Schweinf. (Syn .: Goodyera ustulata Carr ): Northern Borneo
- Goodyera rostrata Ridl. : Sarawak .
- Goodyera rosulacea Y.N.Lee : Southern Korea.
- Goodyera rubicunda (flower) Lindl. : Sikkim to Malesia and the islands in the southwestern Pacific
- Goodyera ruttenii J.J.Sm. : Seram Moluccan Island .
- Goodyera badendaliana Rchb. f. : Tibet to Japan and Sumatra
- Goodyera scripta (Rchb. F.) Schltr. : New Caledonia.
- Goodyera Sechellarum (S.Moore) Ormerod : Seychelles.
- Goodyera seikomontana Yamam. (Syn .: Goodyera youngsayei S.Y. Hu & Barretto ): Hong Kong, southern Taiwan
- Goodyera serpens Schltr. (Syn .: Goodyera wolongensis K.Y. Lang ): Western Sichuan
- Goodyera similis flower (Syn .: Goodyera velutina Maxim. Ex rule ): Southern China to temperate East Asia
- Goodyera stelidifera Ormerod : Sri Lanka.
- Goodyera stenopetala Schltr. : New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands. With two subspecies.
- Goodyera striata Rchb. f. : Mexico to Nicaragua, Hispaniola.
- Goodyera sumbawana Ormerod : Lesser Sunda Islands.
- Goodyera taitensis flower : Tahiti .
- Goodyera tesselata Lodd. : Central and southeastern Canada to the north-central and northeastern United States.
- Goodyera thailandica silk f. : India and Thailand.
- Goodyera turialbae Schltr. : Costa Rica.
- Goodyera umbrosa (DLJones & MAClem.) JMHShaw : Queensland.
- Goodyera venusta Schltr. : Papua New Guinea.
- Goodyera viridiflora (flower) flower : Tropical-subtropical Asia to the islands in the southwestern Pacific
- Goodyera vitiensis (LOWilliams) Kores : Fiji (Viti Levu and Vanua Levu).
- Goodyera vittata Benth. ex Hook. f. : Himalayas to southeastern Tibet
- Goodyera wuana Tang & FTWang : Western Sichuan
- Goodyera yamiana Fukuy. : Taiwan
- Goodyera yunnanensis Schltr. : Northwest Sichuan, North and West Yunnan
- Goodyera zacuapanensis Ormerod : Mexico.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Goodyera. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved March 27, 2020.
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names. Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
- ^ Goodyera at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed July 12, 2018.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Xinqi Chen, Kai-yung Lang, Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. Cribb, Paul Ormerod: Goodyera , Pp. 45-54 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven: Flora of China , Volume 25: Orchidaceae , Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, 2009, ISBN = 978-1-930723- 90-0.
- ↑ A. Bhattacharjee, HJ Chowdhery: Notes on two species of Goodyera (Orchidaceae). In: Kew Bulletin , Volume 67, 2012, pp. 503-510.
- ↑ a b Jacquelyn A. Kallunki: Goodyera , pp. 45-54 - text online with the same text as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 26, Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2002, ISBN 0-19-515208-5 .
- ^ A b Walter Erhardt, Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
literature
- Robert L. Dressler: The orchids - biology and systematics of the Orchidaceae. Augsburg 1997, ISBN 3-86047-413-8 .
- Paul Ormerod: Notulae Goodyerinae (III). In: Taiwania , Volume 51, Issue 3, Taipei 2006, pp. 153-161.
Web links
- Goodyera at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- Goodyera at Tropicos.org. In: Flora de Nicaragua . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- Goodyera at Tropicos.org. In: Flora Mesoamericana . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- Goodyera at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- Goodyera at Tropicos.org. In: 66 . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- Goodyera at Tropicos.org. In: Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis