Hide (unit)

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The hide ( old English hîde ) or hide of land was an Anglo-Saxon area and field measure and was used in the United States as well as in England . The name was derived from the Old English term hiwisc (family, household) and originally referred to an area that could be cultivated and supplied by a family. This “homestead size” was mostly around 40  ha , but could vary between 24 and 48 ha.

history

In the 7th century at the latest, both the size of individual property and, for example, B. in the Tribal Hidage , the size of kingdoms in Hides. With the registration of the land in Burghal Hidage in the 9th century the obligation of the hydars or hidarii to build and occupy fortresses and to feed the troops was connected.

In the 11th century the situation had changed to the effect that often four, sometimes more than eight families had to make a living on one hide. In the west in particular, hide farms (undivided farmsteads) had also survived , from which the "manors" arose after the Norman conquest of England in 1066. In some rural areas, the hide was used as a unit of measurement in communal contexts until the 19th century.

conversion

  • 1 hide of land = 100 acres = 40,467 hectares
  • 1 acre = 0.40467 hectares

literature

  • Karl Büchele: Country and People of the United States of North America. Hallbergersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1855, p. 614.
  • Eduard Krieger: Johows auxiliary book for shipbuilding (1910) . Volume 1, Salzwasser-Verlag GmbH, Paderborn 2010, BoD-Books on Demand, ISBN 978-3-86195-578-8 , p. 54.
  • Michael Lapidge, John Blair, Simon Keynes, Donald Scragg (Eds.): The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England . Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford et al. a. 2001, ISBN 978-0-631-22492-1 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ D. Hägermann, A. Hedwig . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 5, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1991, ISBN 3-7608-8905-0 , column 154 f.
  2. ↑ hide In: Gerhard Köbler : Old English Dictionary , 2nd edition, 2003, online
  3. ↑ a b c Michael Lapidge, John Blair, Simon Keynes, Donald Scragg (eds.): The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England , Wiley-Blackwell, 2000, ISBN 978-0-631-22492-1 , pp. 238– 239
  4. ↑ Laws of Alfred and Ine ( Memento of the original from December 17, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www8.georgetown.edu