Hiltbolt from Schwangau

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Author's picture of the Codex Manesse

Hiltbolt von Schwangau (also: Hiltebolt von Swanegou , (* before 1221; † around or after 1254 ) documented from 1221 to 1254) was a minstrel of the 13th century.

Life

The exact dating of the minstrel Hiltbolt von Schwangau is controversial, as there were several bearers of this name and therefore documentary evidence of over 100 years, from 1125 to 1254, is available. This is due to the fact that it was customary in the von Schwangau family to pass the name Hiltbolt on to their descendants. Due to the assumed period of origin of the Minnelieder , the minstrel Hiltbolt von Schwangau is assigned the documentary evidence from 1221 to 1254. For the period between 1179 and 1221, however, there is no documentary evidence that mentions a Hiltbolt.

The von Schwangau family was a clan of ministerials in the vicinity of the Guelphs and had their seat at Hohenschwangau Castle , not far from Füssen. Little is known about the life of the minstrel Hiltbolt. He is mentioned several times in connection with Count Albrecht III of Tyrol, so a function at his court can be assumed. A cross song (XVII) makes his participation in the fifth crusade from 1217 to 1221 likely, which led him to the Orient alongside the Count of Tyrol.

The author's picture of the Codex Manesse shows the minstrel Hiltbolt von Schwangau leading two women to dance. The shield of his coat of arms shows a swan on a red background, the historically attested coat of arms of the von Schwangau family. The painter was probably inspired by Hiltbolt's song No. X, a dance song, for his drawing.

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Lore

The text corpus Hiltbolts of Schwangau includes 23 Minnelieder in 49 stanzas. The complete 49 stanzas in Codex Manesse (C) have survived , 14 of which can also be found in Weingartner Liederhandschrift (B) . However, three sheets of this manuscript were torn out, which could have contained about 28 other stanzas. It is unclear whether these are lost or are part of the stanzas that have survived in C. In addition, the stanzas 16C to 18C require separate consideration, as these have also come down to us under the Margrave of Hohenburg. The exact assignment to just one of the two poets is, however, controversial.

Songs

Hiltbolt's songs include a dance song (X) and a Minnekreuzlied (XVII). The predominantly one- or two-trophic texts take up common themes of minnesong. Hiltbolt is strongly attached to tradition, which is noticeable through the strong influence of its predecessors. These include Reinmar the Old and Heinrich von Morungen , but above all Walther von der Vogelweide and Ulrich von Liechtenstein . But Hiltbolt's influence can also be seen in later works by other authors such as Brunwart von Augheim and Gottfried von Neifen . The reference to these models shows Hiltbolt as a "conventional court poet". His songs are typical of the 13th century minnesang and consist of combinations of well-known themes and motifs. With a few exceptions, Hiltbolt's songs are characterized by a three-part stanza structure with predominantly pure rhymes. In addition, rhymes of singing can also be found in the swan song . Frequent conditional clauses as well as a rather intricate syntax show the close relationship to Reinmar. The poet compares his moods with the seasons and often uses oxymora and antitheses to make his songs more vivid. Constantly recurring cries to clarify the singer's desperation. Viewed metrically , Hiltbolt's songs can be divided into two groups - alternating and dactylic meter measures . The number of lifts varies between four and five. The traditional body of Hiltbolt contains only songs from the Hohe Minne . Following on from the traditions of early minstrel, the separation of lovers is the main theme in Hiltbolt's songs. He takes up the traditional role distribution of love songs, in which a singer wants to do a lady love but is constantly turned away.

Songs I through III describe looking for a lady who deserves praise. Song III ties in with the homage to the German women Walthers von der Vogelweide and so he sings about his beloved as the most beautiful between the Po and the Rhine. The following stanzas deal with the service that the singer renders his frouwe and his request for an answer as a reward for his service. They describe the poet's dependence on his beloved, it is his only joy and he loves only her, incapable of ever wanting another. Even a rejection by the lady cannot dissuade him from his love. Only the dance song No. X breaks the prevailing depressed mood and appears more cheerful. In it the author celebrates the uniqueness of his beloved, embedded in the situation of a dance.

In song XVII, the poet embarks on the crusade with a heavy heart and leaves love behind to his friends, hoping that it will bring them more luck. But even in distant countries he cannot forget his beloved and hopes for relief from his return. The poet falls victim to bad rumors about his alleged infidelity, which the beloved believes. However, he can convince her otherwise by assuring her of his loyalty and assuring her that she is his only one.

Hiltbolt repeatedly includes nature in his poems, partly to describe the beauty of his beloved, partly to express his own mood. He constantly points out his sadness and underpins this with constantly recurring cries of complaint. A natural entrance can only be found in songs XXI and XXII. In his last songs he looks back at the beginning of his advertising and sums up that even if she only shows him dislike, he has never met another woman whom he loved so dearly.

literature

  • Konrad Burdach:  Schwangau, Hiltbolt from . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 33, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1891, pp. 184-186.
  • Claudia Händl: Hiltbolt von Schwangau - minstrel of the 13th century . In: Literature Lexicon - Authors and works in the German language . Ed. By Walther Killy, Volume 5, 2nd, completely revised. Edition, Gütersloh 1990, pp. 335-336.
  • Erich Juethe: The minstrel Hiltbolt von Schwangau . Hildesheim 1977.
  • Carl von Kraus: German song poet of the 13th century . Volume 2: Commentary, Tübingen 1978.
  • Volker Mertens: Hiltbolt from Schwangau. An attempt on a minor poet of the 13th century as a contribution to a post-classical aesthetics of minstrels . In: Bickelwort and wildiu mære - Festschrift for Eberhard Nellmann on his 65th birthday . Edited by Dorothee Lindemann, Göppingen 1995, pp. 294-312.
  • Uwe Meves: Regesten German minstrels of the 12th and 13th centuries . Berlin 2005.
  • Cord Meyer: The German literature in the vicinity of King Heinrich (VII.) - Studies on the life world of late Taufer poets . Frankfurt am Main 2007.
  • Hans Pörnbacher: Hiltbold von Schwangau - the minstrel and his songs . With a foreword by H. Fischer, Monachium 1957.
  • Hans Pörnbacher:  Hilt (e) bolt from Schwangau. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 9, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1972, ISBN 3-428-00190-7 , p. 162 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Reinhard Müller: Hilt (e) bolt from Schwangau . In: German Literature Lexicon . Lim. by Wilhelm Kosch, Volume 7, 3rd, completely revised. Edition, Bern 1979, Sp. 1201.
  • Johannes Schrott: Mr. Hildbold's Minnelieder von Schwangau - translated for the first time and with accompanying texts . Augsburg 1871 (microfiche edition, Munich 1994).
  • Ingo F. Walther: Codex Manesse - the miniatures of the great Heidelberg song manuscript . 3rd edition, Frankfurt am Main 1988.
  • Franz Josef Worstbrock: Hiltbolt of Schwangau . In: The German literature of the Middle Ages . Author's lexicon, started by Wolfgang Stammler, Volume 4, 2., completely revised. Edition, Berlin 1983, pp. 12-18.
  • Friedrich Zollhoefer: Mr. Hiltbolt von Schwangau - an Allgäu minstrel . Kempten 1953.
  • Elisabeth Wintergerst: The Knights of Schwangau ", Füssen 2017, ISBN 978-3-929371-42-0

Web links

Wikisource: Hiltbolt von Schwangau  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Pörnbacher: Hiltbold of Schwangau, 1957, p. 10
  2. ↑ Ibid., P. 13.
  3. ↑ Ibid., P. 14.
  4. ↑ Walther: Codex Manesse - the miniatures of the Große Heidelberger Liederhandschrift, 1988, p. 94.
  5. ↑ Handel: 'Hiltbolt von Schwangau, in: Literaturlexikon - Authors and Works in the German Language, 1990, p. 335.
  6. ↑ Pörnbacher: Hiltbold of Schwangau, 1957, p. 15
  7. ^ Pörnbacher: 'Hilt (e) bolt von Schwangau', in: Neue deutsche Biographie, 1972, p. 163.
  8. ^ Worstbrock: 'Hiltbolt von Schwangau', in: Die deutsche Literatur des Mittelalters - author lexicon, 1983, p. 16.
personal data
SURNAME Hiltbolt from Schwangau
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hiltebolt from Swanegou
BRIEF DESCRIPTION minstrel
DATE OF BIRTH before 1221
DATE OF DEATH after 1254