Hitoshi Murayama

Murayama 2005

Hitoshi Murayama ( Japanese 村山斉 , Murayama Hitoshi ; born March 21, 1964 in Tokyo Prefecture ) is a Japanese theoretical physicist who teaches at Berkeley and specializes in particle physics, cosmology and astroparticle physics.

Life

Murayama lived in Düsseldorf for four years when he was a child . His father was doing research on semiconductors at Hitachi. He studied physics at the University of Tokyo with a bachelor's degree in 1986 and a doctorate in theoretical physics in 1991. As a post-doctoral student , he was at the University of Tōhoku and at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (1993 to 1995). In 1995 he became Assistant Professor, 1998 Associate Professor and 2000 Professor at the University of California, Berkeley (from 2004 MacAdams Professor ). Since 2007 he has been director of the Kavli Institute for Physics and Mathematics at the University of Tokyo. He has also been a faculty member at the Center for Japanese Studies at Berkeley since 2016.

In 2016 he was a visiting researcher at CERN (and from 2010 to 2015 in its Scientific Policy Committee) and in 2003/04 at the Institute for Advanced Study . He is part of the KamLand collaboration, which received the Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics in 2016 . He was also on the advisory board of the accelerator facilities KEK, Fermilab, SLAC (Policy Committee 2007 to 2012) and the Chinese Electron Positron Collider.

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He deals with physics beyond the Standard Model such as GUT and supersymmetry , quantum field theory , accelerator physics, dark matter and dark energy , cosmological inflation and neutrino physics .

Together with Nima Arkani-Hamed , Lawrence J. Hall and Christopher Kolda, he gave a heuristic explanation for the question of why we live in a point in time in the universe in which vacuum energy density (cosmological constant), matter and radiation density are about the same (cosmological coincidence problem ). According to the authors, this follows if one assumes that only the Planck scale and the scale of the electroweak union are important and that the vacuum energy density is. If this is related to the temperature T using the Stefan-Boltzmann law , the Kelvin corresponds (in the order of magnitude of the temperature of the cosmic background radiation). The reason for the relationship between the electroweak scale and vacuum energy density remains open. ${\ displaystyle M_ {PL} \ approx 10 ^ {18} GeV}$ ${\ displaystyle M_ {EW} \ approx 10 ^ {3} GeV}$ ${\ displaystyle \ rho _ {V} \ approx {({\ frac {M_ {EW} ^ {2}} {M_ {PL}}})} ^ {4} \ approx {(10 ^ {- 3} eV )} ^ {4}}$ ${\ displaystyle T \ approx 10}$

In 2004, together with C. Csaki and others, he developed an alternative to the Higgs mechanism for breaking the electroweak symmetry with boundary conditions in extra dimensions. Together with H. Suzuki, T. Yanagida and J. Yokoyama, he proposed superpartners of right-handed neutrinos in 1994 as a candidate for the inflaton field and as an explanation for baryon asymmetry in the universe and dark matter (the model also predicts tensor modes in the fluctuation of the microwave background). In 1998, with G. Giudice and others, he discovered a new mechanism for breaking supersymmetry via a supergravity anomaly. With his students André de Gouvea and Alexander Friedland, he argued that the previous parameterizations of neutrino oscillations only cover half the parameter space (he called the missing parameters the dark side of the parameter space) and that this can explain some open questions in neutrino physics. He also suggested precision tests for supersymmetry in accelerator experiments. He strongly supports the construction of the International Linear Collider .

In cosmology, he heads the SuMIRe project (Subaru measurement of images and redshifts) consisting of the recording of a section of the sky with the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) installed in the Subaru telescope in Hawaii, whereby the redshifts (distances) are automatically recorded and that below Among other things, the study of dark energy is used by observing the evolution of galaxies and the distribution of dark matter in the past with inferences about the relationship between repulsion of dark energy and attraction through gravity.

Awards and memberships

In 2003 he became a Fellow of the American Physical Society and in 2002 received the Nishinomiya Yukawa Commemoration Prize. In 2016 he gave the Wolfgang Paul Lecture (The Quantum Universe) and in 2005 he was Miller Professor in Berkeley. In 2008 he became a member of the Japanese Science Council. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences .

Fonts (selection)

with Csaba Csaki, Christophe Grojean, Luigi Pilo, John Terning: Gauge theories on an interval: Unitarity without a Higgs, Phys. Rev. D, Volume 69, 2004, p. 055006, Arxiv
with T. Tsukamoto, K. Fuji, M. Yamaguchi, Y. Okada: Precision Study of Supersymmetry at Future Linear e + e- Colliders, Phys. Rev. D, Volume 51, 1995, p. 3153
with H. Suzuki, T. Yanagida, J. Yokoyama: Chaotic inflation and baryogenesis in supergravity, Phys. Rev. D, Volume 50, 1994, R 2356, Arxiv
with A. de Gouvêa, A. Friedland: The Dark Side of the Solar Neutrino Parameter Space, Phys. Lett. B, Volume 490, 2000, p. 125. Arxiv
as part of the KamLAND Collaboration (K. Eguchi et al.): First results from KamLAND: Evidence for reactor anti-neutrino disappearance, Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 90, 2003, p. 021802, Arxiv
with Lawrence J. Hall, N. Weiner: Neutrino mass anarchy, Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 84, 2000, p. 2572, Arxiv
with Gian F. Giudice, Markus A. Luty, Riccardo Rattazzi: Gaugino mass without singlets, JHEP 9812, 027, 1998, Arxiv
with T. Yanagida: Nucleon decay in the minimal supersymmetric SU (5) grand unification, Nucl. Phys B, Vol. 402, 1993, pp. 46-84, Arxiv
with Takeo Moroi, Masahiro Yamaguchi: Cosmological constraints on the light stable gravitino, Phys. Lett. B, Vol. 303, 1993, pp. 289-294
with N. Arkani-Hamed. LJ Hall, C. Kolda: New perspective on cosmic coincidence problems, Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 85, 2000, p. 4434, Arxiv
Future experimental programs, Physica Scripta, T 158, 2013, p. 014025, online
Physics beyond the standard model and dark matter, Les Houches Lectures 86, 2006, Arxiv 2007
with B. Henning, X. Lu: How to use the Standard Model effective field theory, Arxiv 2014

In the Particle Data Group he was responsible for the sections Axion and other very light bosons, search for supersymmetric particles and neutrino oscillations.

Web links

Individual evidence

↑ Interview in Berkeley Scientific Journal, Volume 20, Fall 2015, Issue 1, p. 21
↑ 物理学者村山斉（むらやまひとし）さん . International Christian University High School, accessed May 28, 2017 (Japanese).
^ Membership of the Scientific Policy Committee . CERN Council. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
↑ Murayama et al. a. The potential of the ILC for discovering new particles , 2017
↑ H. Aihara et al. a. The Hyper Suprime-Cam SSP Survey: Overview and Survey Design, Arxiv 2017

personal data
SURNAME	Murayama, Hitoshi
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	村山斉 (Japanese)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Japanese physicist
DATE OF BIRTH	March 21, 1964
PLACE OF BIRTH	Tokyo prefecture

[1] Interview in Berkeley Scientific Journal, Volume 20, Fall 2015, Issue 1, p. 21

[2] 物理学者村山斉（むらやまひとし）さん . International Christian University High School, accessed May 28, 2017 (Japanese).

[CERNspc-3] Membership of the Scientific Policy Committee . CERN Council. Retrieved August 2, 2019.

[4] Murayama et al. a. The potential of the ILC for discovering new particles , 2017

[5] H. Aihara et al. a. The Hyper Suprime-Cam SSP Survey: Overview and Survey Design, Arxiv 2017