Hmar People's Convention
The Hmar People's Convention (HPC) was founded as a political party in 1986. The Hmar are one of the smaller tribes in northeast India. A representative, admitted to Governor Braj Kumar Nehru , first had to explain in the 1960s who he was representing. She wants to be the mouthpiece for the rights of the partially assimilated members of the Hmar tribe (1991 census: 12,535 members). The immediate reason was that the peace agreement between the Indian central government and the Mizo National Front (MNF) on June 30, 1986, the self-government requests of the Hmar were not taken into account. Their main demand is the creation of an autonomous area in the north and northeast of Mizoram .
Armed fight
The armed uprising began as early as April 1987 due to the poor conduct of negotiations by the Mizoram state government. The movement gained importance when one cooperated with Naga fighters. In 1991 the clashes reached their climax.
armistice
In 1992, state ministers and members of the HPC began peace talks. After nine rounds of talks, an agreement was signed in Aizawl on July 27, 1994 . The most important points were that the HPC should cease their armed activities and befriended organizations such as NSNC and ULFA no longer supported. 308 cadres then surrendered. Family members of fallen HPC fighters should have received compensation from the government. Furthermore, protective measures should be taken for the culture of the Hmar. Their habitat should be recognized as a Schedule (Tribal) Area that is specially protected under the Indian Constitution . The Sinlung Hills Development Council for Regional Development was also planned. The Hmar language is now used at the secondary school level. However, differences of opinion soon arose over the implementation of the agreement.
Hmar People's Convention (Democracy)
Dissatisfied members of the HPC, which was again acting as a political party, split off in 1995 as the Hmar People's Convention (Democracy) . A “large Mizoram” is now required of these, which should also include the entire settlement area of the tribe in the neighboring Indian states. The armed arm has been called Hmar Hnam Santu (English: Hmar Protection Cell ) since 2003 . Laltuolien Hmar is considered the current military chief . The government estimates the team strength at 100–150. One is mainly active in the districts of Churachandpur and North Cachar Hills . The organization is financed by protection money that it receives for illegal tropical logging. On the other hand, however, especially in the USA, collections are made for the "protection of Christian Hmar".
Resistance is not only offered to the government, but also against the Dima Halam Daoga (DHD), which represents the interests of the Dimasa people. Particularly in the district of North Cachar Hills in Assam there were clashes. On June 16, 2003, 50 houses in Dipucherra were infected by 70 men . In January 2006, around 1,000 tribesmen fled their villages when fighting broke out between the United National Liberation Front and HPC (D) in Thanlon and Parbung . Resistance is being given to the construction of a dam in the settlement area.
It works with the NSCN and the Peoples Liberation Army (PLA). Since May 2001 the group has been a member of the umbrella organization Indigenous Peoples Revolutionary Alliance (IPRA), which consists of five separatist organizations .
literature
- Dena, Lal; In search of identity: Hmars of North-East India; New Delhi 2008; ISBN 978-81-8370-134-1