Holstein belt from Hamburg-Altengamme
The Holstein belt from Hamburg-Altengamme is a magnificent belt made of iron and bronze that was found in an urn burial from the pre-Roman Iron Age in Hamburg 's Altengamme district in 1931 . This belt is one of the most complete and best preserved Holstein belts . It is now shown in the archaeological permanent exhibition of the Archaeological Museum Hamburg in Hamburg-Harburg .
Find
The site was about 200 m east of the Heidbergredder road on a slightly hilly and previously undeveloped area. The funeral urn with the Holstein belt was found on August 24, 1931 by worker Wolf Puttfarken, who had dug up sand on his property. Puttfarken reported his find to the Altengamme police station and offered the police sergeant on duty Rehberg to take over the urn and report it. The urn, a ceramic pot with a short kinked rim with two handles at the base of the neck, stood at a depth of about one meter in the white sand, without any further stone packing. The vessel had been damaged by putt marking when it was found, as he did not recognize it in time. After a closer inspection of the vessel, Rehberg suspected scientifically relevant objects in it, whereupon he packed the find and took it with him. The jar contained corpse burn , some sand, and the belt bent into a compact ball. At home, Rehberg glued the broken fragments of the urn back on. He suspected that the individual parts of the belt, which had since fallen apart, contained a metal box, a misinterpretation that was retained by subsequent editors until 1998. During the recovery and subsequent transport, some sand and corpse burn were lost from the contents of the urn. On August 25, Rehberg reported the find to the Museum of Ethnology . On September 1st, Dr. Hansen with two other employees of the monument protection authority near Reberg to pick up the find. On September 2, 1931, Police Sergeant Rehberg wrote a very detailed report on this find for the Ethnographic Museum. In the following two years five more urns were found in the vicinity.
Location: 53 ° 27 ′ 9.8 ″ N , 10 ° 17 ′ 33 ″ E
Findings
Follow-up examinations by the monument authority at the site were unsuccessful, so the fragments that had flaked off during the discovery could not be found again. The ceramic vessel and the remains of the corpse are also in the collection of the Archaeological Museum Hamburg, so that statements about the physiology and gender of the deceased are still possible. The fact that the belt is in good condition suggests that it was not cremated with the deceased and only entered the urn together with the corpse burn. Besides the belt, no other additions were documented in the urn. In order to be able to stow the belt in the ceramic vessel, it was rolled up compactly lengthways. The belt conserved and reconstructed at the Roman-Germanic Central Museum in Mainz is 1170 mm long and 100–115 mm wide. The entire belt is divided into three segments, a hook plate, a middle plate and a belt plate strip. The bronze sheets were originally mounted on a largely bygone sheet iron support. The hook plate consisted of an iron sheet with a short extension on which a mushroom-shaped button clasp bronze in the casing cast was cast. The chased decorations of the button are only faintly recognizable. Behind the hook is a 35 mm wide bronze plate with three rivets with large hemispherical heads riveted on. Followed by three parallel superposed, riveted bronze sheet metal strips with punched line rows, semi-circles, and solid lines as deckle. The sheets end in a cross sheet, which is also fastened with three hump-shaped rivets. The middle plate consisted of a 115 × 112 mm sheet of iron, which has largely disappeared and is covered by a chased bronze sheet and bordered on all sides with bronze edge strips. The bronze sheet has dashed borders and line-shaped borders, in the center there are five sun-like decorations with a halo. The hook plate and the belt plate strip were attached to the middle plate with hinges and pins. The belt plate is riveted to the hinge with a cross plate and three large rivets with mushroom heads. The belt plate strip itself consists of two parallel, one above the other, 66 cm long bronze plate strips, which continue the pattern of the central plate three times. The edges are encircled by tightly spaced sheet metal loops with chased groups of two and three lines, which are fixed with iron rivets with mushroom-shaped bronze heads 12 to 16 mm in diameter. The pins of the rivets were lined with small iron plates on the inside of the belt. Some pieces of the bronze sheets are missing, especially at the end of the belt sheet strip to the middle plate. Very few fragments of the iron components have survived. No organic matter was observed on the belt. The surfaces and backs of the bronze sheets show traces of thermal treatment. Possibly the belt parts were annealed after the discovery in order to be able to unfold them better. Now the bronze of the belt is very fragile.
literature
- Ronald Heynowski, Eva Ritz: The Holstein belt from Hamburg-Altengamme . In: Hammaburg NF . No. 15 , 2010, ISSN 0173-0886 , p. 21-62 .
- Ralf Busch : Holstein belt from Hamburg-Altengamme . In: Ralf Busch (Hrsg.): Hidden treasures in the collections - 100 years of the Helms Museum . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1998, ISBN 3-529-02001-X , p. 58-59 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Subject area Death, Showcase No. 64.
- ^ Rüdiger Articus, Jochen Brandt, Elke Först, Yvonne Krause, Michael Merkel, Kathrin Mertens, Rainer-Maria Weiss: Archäologisches Museum Hamburg, Helms-Museum: A tour through the ages (= publications of the Archaeological Museum Hamburg Helms-Museum . No. 101 ). Hamburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-931429-20-1 , pp. 89 .
- ^ A b Ronald Heynowski, Eva Ritz: The Holstein belt from Hamburg-Altengamme . In: Hammaburg NF . No. 15 , 2010, ISSN 0173-0886 , p. 21-62 (here pp. 31-33).
- ↑ a b Rehberg, Police Main Wachtmeister 4148, Altengamme Police Post, Heidbergredder police report urn find from September 2, 1931 (PDF, 3.82 MB) on Commons , transcription of the text on Wikisource .
- ↑ Reinhard Schindler : The soil antiquities of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg . Hans Christians, Hamburg 1960, p. 36, card insert 1 .
