Elder borer

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Elder borer
Anania coronata

Anania coronata

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Crambidae
Subfamily : Pyraustinae
Genre : Anania
Type : Elder borer
Scientific name
Anania coronata
( Hufnagel , 1767)

The Anania coronata ( Anania coronata , Syn. : Phlyctaenia coronata ) is a ( small ) butterfly from the family of Crambidae .

features

The moths reach a wingspan of about 26 millimeters (or a forewing length of 11 to 12 mm). The basic color of the wings is yellow-brown with a darker, strongly curved cross line. This is lined with a very wide light yellow, the light edge is usually strongly jagged. This jagged line is usually followed by another darker jagged line on the outside. The hemline is again darker, but often interrupted. The hemline is followed by a lighter hemline on the inside, followed by a series of mostly darker wedge marks, which, however, can almost be missing. The wedge spots are often brightly lined on the inside. In some specimens, a light yellow area is formed instead of the wedge spots, which can be enlarged like spots at the apex. The light brown, large, roundish spot in the sinus of the outer transverse line is very striking. In the middle of the wing there is a large, often rectangular to rounded yellow spot, which can also have a dark edge in relatively light specimens. This spot is followed by another spot towards the inner edge. In some specimens, the basal line is indicated dark and occasionally lined with light. The drawing of the hind wings is similar, but here the spots on the inner edge are usually larger, so that the light areas are larger. The fringes of the fore and hind wings are lighter than the basic color and stand out particularly due to the darker hemline.

The relatively slender caterpillars are colored whitish green and have a broad green back line. Shortly before wintering, it can also be reddish in color. The head is light yellow and relatively small.

The pupa is 9.0 to 10.1 mm long and light red-brown in color, the Kremaster a little darker. The surface is moderately glossy with a fine, papileless structure, also wrinkled in places. The cremaster is medium in length, tapers towards the rounded end and is somewhat flattened dorsoventrally. The numerous bristles are fine and curved like a hook.

Similar species

The elder borer is very similar to Anania stachyalis , the differentiation can be difficult in individual cases. Rudolf Bryner indicates the following differences: Anania coronata has a total of three spots in the middle field of the forewing , Anania stachyalis only has two spots. The spot in the bay of the outer transverse line is usually markedly larger and more clearly drawn; also the spot lying more to the Kostalrand is clearly larger. The light border line on the hind wings is rather continuous in A. coronata and broken up into dots in A. stachyalis .

Geographical distribution and habitat

The species is common in almost all of Europe. In the north the distribution area extends to Finland, in the south to Sicily. In the east it extends to East Asia ( Russian Far East ). The species was introduced to North America and is now very widespread there.

The species prefers fresh and rather moist locations with bushes, such as B. forest edges, meadows and valleys.

Way of life

In Central Europe, the elder borer forms two overlapping generations, whose moths fly from May to August. In the United Kingdom , there is only one generation of moths that fly from June to July. The moths are crepuscular and nocturnal and are often observed in the light. During the day, the moths rest in the vegetation, but they can be scared off easily. The caterpillars can be found in June (first generation) and in autumn (second generation). They feed on the young leaves of the black elder ( Sambucus nigra ). Red elder ( Sambucus racemosa ), dwarf elder ( Sambucus ebulus ), lilac ( Syringa ), true bindweed ( Convolvulus sepium ), ash ( Fraxinus ), privet ( Ligustrum ), snowball ( Viburnum ) and sunflower ( Helianthus ) are used as other food crops. called. The caterpillars create a fine web on the underside of the leaves of their food plants, which is left to eat at night. The caterpillars of the autumn generation overwinter in a web as a prepupa and pupate in spring.

Systematics and taxonomy

The taxon was first scientifically described in 1767 by Johann Siegfried Hufnagel as Phalaena coronata . The holotype came from the area around Berlin and is considered lost. The species can also be found in the literature under the combinations Eurrhypara coronata , Algedonia coronata and Phlyctaenia coronata . Today, these genera, along with numerous other genera, are synonymous with the genus Anania Hübner, 1823.

Harmful effect

In the northeastern states of the USA, the species already appeared as a pest due to the caterpillars eating leaves on elderberries.

supporting documents

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Hannemann (1964: p. 342)
  2. ↑ Lepiforum adult caterpillar
  3. ↑ Jan Patočka: The pupae of the Central European borer (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea, Pyralidae). Subfamilies Acentropinae, Odontiinae, Evergestinae and Pyraustinae. In: Linz biological contributions. 33rd volume, issue 1, Linz 2001, pp. 347-405 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  4. ↑ Lepiforum - A small contribution to the distinction between the two Phlyctaenia species by Rudolf Bryner
  5. ^ VV Dubatolov, AN Streltzov: New records of pyralid moths (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea) in the Lower Amur. In: Amurian zoological journal. II (1), 2010, pp. 57-60 ( PDF on eco.nsc.ru; Russian).
  6. ↑ Deborah Landau and Dorothy Prowell: A Partial Checklist of Moths from Mixed Mesophytic Hardwood Forests in Louisiana (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 125 (1/2): 139-150, 1999 online at jstor
  7. ^ Charles Durham Bird: Lepidoptera of the JJ Collett Provincial Natural Area 2002-2008. 2009 PDF
  8. ↑ a b Slamka (1997: p. 22)
  9. ↑ Ian Kimber: Guide to the moths of Great Britain and Ireland, online http://ukmoths.org.uk/show.php?bf=84 (accessed on May 22, 2011)
  10. ↑ III. Continuation of the table of the nocturnal birds, which contains the 3rd species of the same, namely the tension knives (Phalaenas Geometras [sic] Linnaei). Berlinisches Magazin, 4 (6): 599-626, Berlin 1769 [1] Online at SUB Göttingen]
  11. ↑ Patrice JA Leraut: Contribution à l'étude de quelques genres et espèces de Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, 22 (2): 123-139, Paris 2005.
  12. ↑ Tränkner et al. (2009: p. 63ff.)
  13. ^ Whiteford L. Baker: Eastern Forest Insects. United States. Dept. of Agriculture, United States. Science and Education Administration, Miscellaneous publication, 1175: 1-642, 1972 Online at GoogleBooks

literature

  • Hans-Joachim Hannemann: Small butterflies or Microlepidoptera II. The curlers (sl) (Cochylidae and Carposinidae). The moth-like (Pyraloidea). In: Friedrich Dahl: The animal world of Germany and the adjacent parts of the sea according to their characteristics and their way of life. Part 50., VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena 1964.
  • Frantisek Slamka: The Common Moth (Pyraloidea) of Central Europe: Determination - Distribution - Flight area - Way of life of the caterpillars . 2nd partially revised edition, Bratislava 1997, ISBN 8-096-75402-5 .
  • Andreas Tränkner, Houhun Li, Matthias Nuss: On the systematics of Anania Hübner, 1823 (Pyraloidea: Crambidae: Pyraustinae). Nota lepidopterologica. 32 (1): 63-80, 2009 ( PDF ).

Web links

Commons : Anania coronata  - album with pictures