Hoof classification

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The hoof classification was a land survey carried out between 1717 and 1719 in Hinterpommern and the Neumark , which formed the basis for taxation based on property in the 18th century and also included the soil creditworthiness . After the head of the commissioned commission, Peter von Blankensee, it is also called the "Blankenseesche Hoof Classification".

history

Example page hoof classification Natzlaff Kreis Schlawe

Shortly after taking office in 1713, the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm I initiated a new assessment of the tax base in order to distribute the burdens to be borne by the rural population more fairly - the nobility was tax-free. Until then, the taxation was regarded as basis in Prussia nor the Hufenmatrikel of 1628, which only took the bottom surface of a farm for taxable, artisans were fixed price and with a Kossäten with 1/2 hook hooves taxed. In 1684 the system was changed to Landhufen and the flat-rate taxation of craftsmen was abolished. As a result of this control justice, especially circles with unfavorable soil conditions threatened to bleed out financially. At the suggestion of Peter von Blanckensee , a commission under his leadership toured the Duchy of Western Pomerania , Neumark and the Principality of Cammin between 1717 and 1719 and examined the villages and taxable cities. In addition to the names of the almost exclusively aristocratic owners, those of the farmers, cottagers, administrators and other rural residents were also noted; Furthermore, 27 questions were asked in order to derive a new and fairer taxation, the general hoof lap .

Editions

The originals of this classification have been preserved and are in the state archive in Greifswald . Two fair copies, which were formerly in the Secret State Archives in Berlin and in the State Archives in Stettin , have been lost since the war - with the exception of a volume from the Stolp district , which is also in Greifswald. The hoof classification with over 16,000 personal names is an important socio-historical and genealogical source. Konrad Rittershausen and Roland Seeberg-Elverfeldt reported that they were going to be mapped and that it was going to be printed. Adalbert Holtz writes: The third publication was the publication of the rear Pomeranian hoof classification of 1717/19, which the state farmers had mapped out and which the study assessor Dr. Heinz Kauffmann prepared for printing in Swinoujscie. The Chief Surveyor Kurt Lips was scheduled for the introduction. The name cards were last in the State Archives in Szczecin, but unfortunately got lost there . In 1938, State Archives Director Adolf Diestelkamp emphasized the importance of these and similar sources such as the Swedish Land Survey of Western Pomerania for genealogical research and the resulting commitment of the Pomeranian rural farmers, the National Socialist organization of farmers in the province, in the editorial work. The evaluations by Adelheid von Livonius on the districts of Stolp, Schlawe and Rummelsburg , by Richard Maske on Bad Polzin , Hugo Hasse on the Kolberg district and P. Schwartz on the Neumark were published . The Pommerscher Greif eV association carried out and published a survey in 2010 under the direction of Bodo Koglin. The names can also be called up in a simplified form in a database.

literature

  1. ↑ So is z. B. the corresponding archive inventory with the surviving log volumes in the State Archives Greifswald Rep. 7a Blankenseesche hoof classification.
  2. ↑ Werner Lemke: The knightly district of Neustettin according to the classification of 1717 , Balt. Stud. NF Vol. 36 pp. 202–231, 1934 online [1]  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / digibib.ub.uni-greifswald.de  
  3. ↑ K. Lips: The Hufenklassification in Hinterpommern and the Neumark from 1717 to 1719. In: Allgemeine Vermessungsnachrichten 41 (1933), p. 646ff. The 27 questions online (PDF; 46 kB)
  4. ↑ Konrad Rittershausen: The Hufenklassification in Hinterpommern 1717–1719 , in: Der deutsche Roland , Vol. 7 (1936–1937)
  5. ↑ Roland Seeberg-Elverfeldt in: monthly sheets of the Ges. F. pomm. History and Archeology , 52nd year 1938 No. 4, pp. 91–96
  6. ^ Adalbert Holtz: "150 years society for Pomeranian history and antiquity" in: Baltic studies, NF Volume 60 , 1974, pp. 7-31 online
  7. ↑ Adolf Diestelkamp, ​​The State Archives Stettin since the World War, in: monthly sheets (as in Seeberg-Elverfeldt), p. 81.
  8. ↑ A. v. Livonius: The population of the districts of Stolp, Schlawe and Rummelsburg shortly after 1700 , in East Pomerania 10. - 15. Continued in 1939, episode no. 10-25 online [2]
  9. ^ Richard Mask: History of the City of Bad Polzin i. Pom. , 1937, Kommissionsverlag L. Sauniers Buchh. Szczecin
  10. ^ Hugo Hasse: The knightly villages of the Kolberg district according to the hoof classification v. 1717/19 , monthly sheets, local supplement Kolberger Zeitung, 13, 1936, No. 3–12; 14, 1937, nos. 1-4; 15, 1938, No. 2, 3, 5.
  11. ↑ P. Schwartz: The classification of 1718/19, in: Die Neumark, yearbook of the association for the history of the Neumark, 1927, issue 3 [3] issue 4 with the later Pomeranian districts of Dramburg and Schivelbein [4] issue 5 [5]
  12. ↑ Bodo Koglin: The names of the Blanckensee hoof classification in Western Pomerania 1717/19. Greifswald, 2010 ISBN 978-3-941135-35-2
  13. ↑ http://pommerscher-ego.de/hufen/

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