District of Stolp

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The district of Stolp , originally the district of Stolp , was a Prussian district in the administrative district of Köslin in the Prussian province of Pomerania until 1945 . His district town Stolp formed its own urban district since 1898 . The former district area is now largely in the powiat Słupski in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship .

history

The Stolp district in the 18th century
The district area 1905

After Hinterpommern fell to Brandenburg-Prussia in 1648 , the Stolp district emerged from the medieval Bailiwick of Stolp . During the district reform of 1724, the district remained unchanged. In the 18th century, the district comprised the town of Stolpe, the royal offices of Schmolsin and Stolp and a large number of noble villages and estates .

As a result of the Prussian provincial authorities ordinance of April 30, 1815, the district became part of the Köslin government district in the Pomeranian province. Even with the Pomeranian district reform of 1818, the demarcation of the district was not changed.

Since July 1, 1867, the Stolp district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . In 1871 the town of Stolp, 170 rural communities and 177 manor districts belonged to the district .

On August 10, 1876, the following changes to the county boundaries took place in order to abolish several enclaves:

On April 1, 1898, the city of Stolp left the district and has since formed its own district. The name of the district of Stolp changed to the district . On September 30, 1929, a territorial reform took place in the Stolp district as in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which all independent manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities.

In the spring of 1945 the area of ​​the Stolp district was occupied by the Red Army . After the war ended, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying forces in the summer of 1945 . In the following years the German population from the district sold .

Population development

year Residents source
1797 34,815
1816 38.107
1846 70.284
1871 91,788
1890 98,762
1900 75,310
1910 77,629
1925 84.020
1933 83,730
1939 82,287

The city of Stolp was spun off from the Stolp district in 1898.

politics

District administrators

(...)

Local constitution

The district of Stolp was divided into the city of Stolp, into rural communities and - until their dissolution in 1929 - into independent manor districts. With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 and the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced at the municipal level on April 1, 1935 . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

Districts and municipalities

Districts

The district was divided into 54 administrative districts in the 1930s .

Communities

The district of Stolp last comprised 193 rural communities. In 1937, numerous renaming took place, which are not yet included in the following list.

Name changes

By decree of the Upper President in Stettin on December 29, 1937, place names were changed in the Stolp district. Since mostly “not German enough”, these were phonetic adjustments, translations or free inventions (with today's Polish names).

Communities
Parts of the community and places to live
  • America (municipality of Giesebitz) → Heidenhof, Ameryka
  • Boyrk (municipality of Schorin) → Unterberg, Zagorne
  • Buckower Mühle (Wendisch Buckow municipality) → Buchmühle
  • Chims (municipality of Holzkathen) → Schims
  • Czapock (municipality of Holzkathen) → Schabbock
  • Dambee (Schmolsin municipality) → Eichweide
  • Dambee (Wottnogge municipality) → Eichen, Dąbie
  • Gesorke (Lojow municipality) → Kleinwasser, Jeziorka
  • Groond (Gambin municipality) → reason
  • Jaggork (Klein Machmin municipality) → Hunting, Gogorki
  • Kamillowe (Quackenburg municipality) → Keudellshof, Komiłowo
  • Kolischen or Stregonke (Selesen municipality) → Bismarckstein
  • Koloschnitz (municipality of Groß Podel) → Riesenhof
  • Kutusow (municipality of Kose) → Priemfelde, Kotuszewo
  • Lesnie (Groß Dübsow municipality) → Berghof, Leśnia
  • Mockree (municipality Groß Podel) → Husarenberg, Mokre
  • Monbijou (Poganitz municipality) → Bandemersruh, Będziemierki
  • Muskowski (Klein Gansen municipality) → Friedrichshöhe, Muskowo
  • Niemietzkermühle → Puttkamermühle
  • Nimzewe (Muttrin municipality) → Roden, Niemczewo
  • Novienne (municipality of Groß Runow) → Runow-Forsthof
  • Paris or Paschnik (municipality of Giesebitz) → Weidenhof
  • Piaschke (municipality of Groß Gansen) → Paschke, Piaszki
  • Poddamp (Klein Machmin municipality) → Waldhof, Gogorki
  • Saviat (municipality of Wottnogge) → Seeblick, Zawiaty
  • Schottofske or Schottowske (community Groß Nossin) → Schottow, Skotawsko
  • Forest house Sotocken (Nippoglense municipality) → Forest house Krahmerwald, Zatoki
  • Swantee (Lessaken municipality) → Schwansee, Święte
  • Vangerske (Groß Runow municipality) → Wiesenberg, Węgierskie
  • Wocholz (Muttrin municipality) → Waldesruh, Ochodza
  • Wussowske (community Groß Nossin) → Waldliebe, Osowskie
  • Zerowe (Klein Gansen municipality) → Südhof, Sierówko
  • Zerowe (municipality of Nippoglense) → Stolpenau, Sierowo

traffic

From 1870 onwards, the Köslin – Stolp – Danzig line of the Berlin-Stettiner Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft was the first to cross the district from west to east> 111.0 <. From 1878 the Prussian Eastern Railway ran from the district town to Stolpmünde on the Baltic Sea and also to Zollbrück> 111.r + u <.

From 1902 the Lauenburg - Bütow line of the Prussian State Railway "111.w" ran through the extreme southeast of the district , and in 1911 Stolpmünde got a second railway line after the neighboring district town of Schlawe "111.p".

The expansion of the small railway network began in 1894 in the south of the district with the Stolp – Rathsdamnitz line, which was laid by Stolpethalbahn AG , extended to Muttrin in 1895 and finally to Budow in 1906> 113.t <.

The north and north-east of the district was first developed from the Stolper Kreisbahn with narrow-gauge railways (750 mm). The longest route ran in 1897 from Stolp via Gabel – Wendischsilkow to Dargeröse and from 1902 to Zezenow on> 113.s <. In Wendischsilkow, later called Schwerinshöhe, a branch branched off to Schmolsin from> 113.s² + s' <. From 1913 on there was a connection from Gabel to Stolpmünde with a branch from Kuhnhof to Zietzen> 113.s² + s³ <. These new lines were laid out in standard gauge, the existing lines were re-gauged in the course of the following years. At the end of 1929, the Stolpethalbahn AG took over all the lines of the Kreisbahn and has been called Stolper Kreisbahnen AG since then, until it was incorporated into the newly founded Pomeranian State Railways in 1940 .

Allegedly, the district of Stolp in the Pomerania region was the largest in all of Prussia. After all, around 1939 he owned a rail network of over 230 kilometers in length, more than half of which belonged to Stolper Kreisbahnen AG , over which the district could exert significant influence with over 60% of the capital. After the integration of the lines into the Pomeranian State Railways from January 1, 1940, the district, along with the State of Prussia and the Province of Pomerania, was part of this corporation with almost two million RM. H. participates with almost 10 percent of the share capital.

The city of Stolp opened a network of electric trams in meter gauge in 1912 , which included four lines.

(The numbers in> <refer to the German course book 1939).

literature

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Stolp  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Büsching's Great Description of the Earth . tape 20 . Traßler, Brno 1787 ( digitized version ).
  2. ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Authority organization and general state administration. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 4 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1908, new division and reduction of the rear Pomeranian circles 1723/24 , p. 171 ( digitized version ).
  3. ^ Johann Ernst Fabri: Geography for all estates . Schwickertscher Verlag, Leipzig 1793, chap. Prussian Western Pomerania, p. 590 ( digitized version ).
  4. ^ Fritz Curschmann, Ernst Rubow: Pomeranian district map sheet 2 . The Pomeranian circles before and after 1818. In: Landesgeschichtliche Forschungsstelle der Provinz Pommern (Hrsg.): Historischer Atlas von Pommern . 1935 ( digitized ).
  5. ^ Berthold Schulze: The reform of the administrative districts in Brandenburg and Pomerania 1809-1818, page 94 . with the support of the Historical Commission for the Province of Pomerania. In: Individual writings of the historical commission for the province of Brandenburg . Gsellius, Berlin 1931 ( digitized version ).
  6. ↑ R. v. Restorff: Topographical description of the province of Pomerania . Nicolai, Berlin / Stettin 1827, pp. 251-266, pp. 251-266.
  7. ↑ a b The municipalities and manor districts of the province of Pomerania and their population in 1871
  8. ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 44 ( digitized version ).
  9. ^ Christian Gottfried Daniel Stein: Handbook of Geography and Statistics of the Prussian State . Vossische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1819, The administrative district Cöslin, p. 233 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
  10. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. S. 316 ( digitized ).
  11. ^ A b c d e f g Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District of Stolp. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  12. ^ A b Pomeranian information system: Stolp district