Bruskowo Wielkie
| Bruskowo Wielkie | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Slupsk | ||
| Gmina : | Slupsk | ||
| Geographic location : | 54 ° 30 ' N , 16 ° 55' E | ||
| Residents : | 270 | ||
| Postal code : | 76-206 Slupsk | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 59 | ||
| License plate : | GSL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Postomino - Slupsk | ||
| Rail route : | Train station: Słupsk (9 km): PKP line 202 Stargard Szczeciński – Gdańsk |
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| PKP line 405 Piła – Ustka | |||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
Bruskowo Wielkie (German Groß Brüskow ) is a village in the municipality of Słupsk ( Stolp ) in the Powiat Słupski of the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship .
Geographical location
Bruskowo Wielkie is located in Western Pomerania , about nine kilometers northwest of Słupsk (Stolp) on the Groß Brüskower Moor, which is bordered in the southeast by a range of hills, the Birkow Mountains . The nearest train station is in Słupsk.
The Motz or Stolper Motze is created near Groß Brüskow and flows into the Wipper near Pieszcz ( Peest ) .
White stork nests on house roofs and towers as well as isolated, rounded boulders with a smooth surface that protrude from the ground are characteristic of the rural surroundings of the village .
history
In 1536, shortly after the introduction of the Reformation in Pomerania , the village of Brüskow was owned by Duke Barnim IX. In Prussian times, Groß Brüskow was one of the eighteen royal villages of the Stolper Office. Around 1768 there were 12 farms in Groß Brüskow. In the 18th century, Groß Brüskow had a 609 acre Vorwerk. In 1784 there were seven farmers in the village, including the Schulzen, three Kossäts , eight Büdner including the blacksmith, a schoolmaster and a preacher. Up until the agrarian reform at the beginning of the 19th century, the farmers and cossets of the village were compulsory on the farm. After the agrarian reform had been carried out in the 20s of the 19th century, the Vorwerk Groß Brüskow was offered for sale by the Prussian government in Köslin.
Before 1945, the rural community of Groß Brüskow belonged to the district of Stolp in the administrative district of Köslin in the Pomeranian province . The parish area was 1,860 hectares. There were a total of five places of residence in the municipality:
- Dodow
- Forest house Buchhorst
- Forester's house Scharfenstein
- Friedrichsthal
- Great Bruskow
There was a brick factory in Dodow around 1800 . In 1925 there were 87 residential buildings in Groß Brüskow. In 1939 there were 154 households and 608 inhabitants.
The community had its own mayor, a registry office, a primary school and a Protestant pastor who resided in the parsonage. Groß Brüskow was the residence of the independent regional midwife who had been assigned a total of eleven villages for care by the administration of the Stolp district . The population lived mainly from agriculture and animal husbandry, and to a lesser extent from forestry. In the 19th century, Groß Brüskow and its neighboring villages were known for their flax cultivation . In Groß Brüskow there was a cattle shop, a brick factory, a windmill (owner family: Jenz), a branch of the rural savings and loan fund EGmbH , several retail stores, two inns and the handicrafts and service businesses common for a rural community. In the Groß Brüskower Moor, peat was cut and dried; it was used as fuel.
Towards the end of the Second World War , Groß Brüskow was taken by the Red Army on March 8, 1945 without a fight . In the beginning there were numerous attacks against the village population. On March 30, 1945, the Brüskower had to leave their village temporarily because it was within the Soviet restricted area on the Baltic Sea . They evaded to Birkow and other neighboring towns. In the summer of 1945, a Soviet command office was set up in Groß Brüskow , to which Birkow was also subordinate. The new commanding officer had the fields cultivated and authorized services to be held. When the Soviet commander and his soldiers went to Groß Massowitz in the district of Lauenburg i. Pom. withdrew, Poles took over the place. The German civilian population was forced out of their homes and their property was confiscated . The eviction began . On August 24, 1946 in the morning at 5 a.m., part of the villagers were brought into the hall of the Gasthof Strauss in a surprise operation and deported westwards from Stolp train station the following day . Further transports followed. Later, 186 villagers displaced from Groß Brüskow in the Federal Republic of Germany and 188 in the GDR were identified.
Between 1975 and 1998 Bruskowo Wielkie belonged to the Slupsk Voivodeship .
Development of the population
- 1854: 297
- 1864: 310
- 1939: 608
Groß Brüskow district
Before 1945 formed United Brüskow with communities Birkow (Bierkowo) Grünhagen (Wierzbięcin), small Brüskow (bruskowo małe) Schwolow (Swołowo) and Steinwald (Krzemienica) the district of Office United Brüskow in county Stolp in Administrative district Köslin of the Prussian province of Pomerania . The registry office was also located in Groß Brüskow. The gendarmerie district was Klein Strellin (Strzelinko) and the district court area Stolp ( Słupsk ).
church
Parish church
The church in Groß Brüskow was first mentioned in a document in 1490. But the old church had to give way to a new building in 1863. In the center window of the choir a small coat of arms with signature was placed, which contained the full title of Duke Ernst Bogislaw von Croy . One of the three bells in the church, cast in 1594, escaped being melted down for ammunition purposes during World War II : it was found in a bell cemetery and was brought to Frixheim near Rommerskirchen in 1963 , where it has been ringing ever since.
In 1945 the former Protestant church was expropriated in favor of the Catholic Church. On November 3, 1945 it was consecrated again and was given the name Kościół Niepokalanego Poczęcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny ("Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary").
Parish / Parish
Until 1945, the population of Groß Brüskow was predominantly of Protestant denomination. The place was and is the parish seat, before 1945 the center of the parish Groß Brüskow with the parish Groß Brüskow (and the parish places Dodow (now Polish: Dodowo), Friedrichsthal , Grünhagen (Wierzbicin) and Klein Brüskow (Bruskowo Małe)) and the branch parish Schwolow (Swołowo) (with the Scharfenstein forestry (Kolonia Starkowo) and parts of Steinwald (Krzemienica)). In 1586 the "filia" Schwolow was supposed to be separated, but remained connected with the "mater" Groß Brüskow.
In 1940 the parish of Groß Brüskow had 1,238 members. It belonged to the church district Stolp-Stadt in the church province of Pomerania of the church of the Old Prussian Union .
Since 1945 the people in Groß Brüskow have been almost without exception Roman Catholic . On June 1, 1951, Bruskowo Wielkie became the seat of a parish, which today includes the parishes Bierkowo ( Birkow ) and Swołowo ( Schwolow ) with a total of 2338 parishioners. Mass celebrations also take place in Gałęzinowo ( overflow ) and Krzemienica ( stone forest ). The parish belongs to the deanery Ustka ( Stolpmünde ) in the diocese of Köslin-Kolberg of the Catholic Church in Poland .
The few Christians of Protestant denomination in Bruskowo Wielkie are now cared for by the rectory of the Holy Cross Church in Słupsk ( Stolp ) in the diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .
school
A school in Groß Brüskow is mentioned for the first time in 1664. It is likely that the pastor himself gave the lessons at the time, as has been expressly attested for a long time. The first schoolmaster was the resident Hans Kneip in 1711 .
In the 1932 three-tier elementary school, two teachers taught 76 school children in three classes.
Sons and daughters of the place
- Petrus Laurentius Wockenfuß (1675–1721), German composer and cantor
literature
- Karl-Heinz Pagel : The district of Stolp in Pomerania. Evidence of his German past . Lübeck 1989, pp. 501–505 ( description of the location Groß Brüskow ; PDF; 977 kB)
- Ernst Müller, The Evangelical Clergy of Pomerania from the Reformation to the Present , Part 2, Stettin, 1912
Web links
- Information on the chronicle of Groß Brüskow.
- The community of Groß Brüskow in the former Stolp district (Gunthard Stübs and Pomeranian Research Association, 2011) .
Individual evidence
- ^ Wilhelm Hoffmann: Encyclopedia of Earth, Ethnology and State Studies . Volume 2, Leipzig 1866, p. 1618 .
- ^ Julius Theodor Bagmihl : Pommersches Wappenbuch . Volume 3, Stettin 1847, p. 33 .
- ^ Anton Friedrich Büsching : Earth description . Part 8: The Upper Saxon District , Hamburg 1791, p. 786 .
- ^ Anton Friedrich Büsching : Magazine for the new history and geography . Volume 12, Halle 1778, p. 587, left column .
- ↑ Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Royal Prussian Province of Western and Western Pomerania . Part II, Volume 2, Stettin 1784, p. 935, No. 2 .
- ↑ Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Royal Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Part II, Volume 2, p. 930, No. 3 .
- ^ Official Journal for the Marienwerder administrative region . Volume 19, 1829, pp. 397-398 .
- ^ The community of Groß Brüskow in the former Stolp district (Gunthard Stübs and Pommersche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 2011) .
- ↑ Friedrich Gottlob Leonhardi : Earth description of the Prussian monarchy . Volume 3, Part 2, Halle 1794, p. 894 .
- ↑ Geographical Statistical-Topographical Lexicon of Upper Saxony and Lower and Upper Lusatia . Volume 2, Ulm 1801, p. 765 .
- ↑ From 1937 until the end of the war, the farmer Ernst Holtz held the office of mayor.
- ↑ Information from the Society for the Promotion of Flax and Hemp Cultivation . Volume 5, Berlin 1955, p. 34 .
- ^ Karl-Heinz Pagel : The district of Stolp in Pomerania. Evidence of his German past . Lübeck 1989, p. 504 ( Description of the place Groß Brüskow ; PDF)
- ^ Topographical-statistical manual of the Prussian state . Magdeburg 1854, p. 98 .
- ↑ Results of the property and building tax assessment in the administrative district of Köslin . Berlin 1866, Chapter 10: Stolp District , p. 2.