Wrzeście (Slupsk)
| Wrzeście | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Slupsk | ||
| Gmina : | Slupsk | ||
| Geographic location : | 54 ° 33 ' N , 17 ° 7' E | ||
| Residents : | 407 | ||
| Postal code : | 76-217 Żelkowo | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 59 | ||
| License plate : | GSL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Voivodeship Road 213 : Słupsk ↔ Wicko - Krokowa - Celbowo | ||
| Rail route : |
Railway line Gdańsk – Stargard / Railway line Piła – Ustka Railway station: Słupsk |
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| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
Wrzeście ( German Freist, Kreis Stolp / Pommern , Kashubian Wrzészcz , also Stôlpsczé Wrzéscé ) is a village in the northwest of the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship . It belongs to the rural municipality of Słupsk ( rural municipality of Stolp ) in the Powiat Słupski (district of Stolp )
Geographical location
Wrzeście is located in Western Pomerania , about nine kilometers north of the district town of Słupsk ( Stolp ) on a sloping ground moraine .
history
According to the historical form of the village, Freist (1285 also Wressou , 1523 Vresth ) was an angle-line village. It is mentioned for the first time in a document in 1285, in which Duke Mestwin II of Pomerania added the villages of Buckow (= Wendisch Buckow bei Stolp , 1937-45 Buchenstein , now Polish: Bukowa), Freist and Nipnow (to the Belbuck monastery and the Nikolaikirche in Stolp ) Nienierowo) gave.
Around 1400, Freist was owned by those von Gutzmerow , who had been at their headquarters in Alt Gutzmerow (Choćmirowo) since they first appeared in East Pomerania . But this was already lost in 1552. The von Gutzmerow family owned Freist and the associated Vorwerk Kempen (Kępno) for over 400 years . 1523 Laffrens Gutzmerow tor Vresth is mentioned by name . When both were owned by Lorenz Adam von Gutzmerow , the manor was allodified in 1755 .
In 1784, Freist had a farm, a preacher, a sexton, three farmers, two half-farmers, four cottages , a forge and a water mill with a total of 18 fireplaces.
In 1817 Lorenz Adam von Gutzmerow sold Freist to Magnus Friedrich von Schmeling , and the following owners became:
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The last owner, Wilhelm Anhalt , had the manor house in Kempen enlarged in 1923, and day laborer's houses were built in Kempen and Freist - solid stone houses with stables and a small garden.
In 1910 there were 511 residents registered in the municipality of Freist. Their number sank to 473 by 1933 and was 484 in 1939.
Until 1945, Freist belonged with the two villages Kempen and Wassermühle to the district of Stolp in the administrative district of Köslin in the Prussian province of Pomerania . The community was incorporated into the district, registry office and gendarmerie district of Lübzow (Lubuczewo) and the district court area of Stolp .
Towards the end of the Second World War , on March 8, 1945, Soviet troops occupied the village without a fight, where countless refugees from East Prussia were staying. Looting, ill-treatment and abductions took place. On March 30, 1945, the residents had to leave Freist temporarily and sought refuge in Vessin (Wieszyno). After all of Western Pomerania had been placed under Polish administration, Poles took over the village in the summer of 1945. The large mills in Freist and Beckel were temporarily held by the Soviets, as was the distillery on the Freist estate, which was handed over to the Poles in November. The Polish police initially forbade the Protestant pastor Roll to give confirmation classes in the winter of 1945/46. On the night of June 7th to 8th, 1946, he was picked up by the Polish militia with his wife and daughter and deported westward on a large expulsion transport of around 3,000 people. Later, 186 villagers displaced from Freist were identified in the Federal Republic of Germany and 148 in the GDR . In 1951 there were still ten German workers and craftsmen families in Freist who were detained there against their will.
Freist was renamed Wrzeście in 1945 . The village is now part of the Gmina Słupsk in the powiat Słupski in the Pomeranian Voivodeship (1975 to 1998 Stolp Voivodeship ). The place, in which more than 400 inhabitants live today, is the seat of a Schulzenamt , which is also responsible for the place Kępno ( Kempen ).
church
Parish church
A house of worship is mentioned in Freist as early as 1493. In 1620 it was extensively renovated. Today's church is a building from the years 1872–1874, which was built based on a drawing by the then building inspector Heithaus . The organ was supplied by master organ builder Christian Friedrich Völkner from Groß Dünnow (now in Polish: Duninowo) near Stolpmünde (Ustka).
The church was a Protestant church for more than 70 years until it was expropriated in 1945 in favor of the Catholic Church. It received a new consecration and is now called Kościół Przemienienia Pańskiego ("Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord " / Church of the Transfiguration )
Parish / Parish
Before 1945 the population of Freist was predominantly Protestant . The village was parish seat for the same parish in which the places Beckel (today Polish: Wiklino) Kempen (Kępno), Lübzow (Lubuczewo) Roggatz (Rogawica) Schwuchow (Swochowo) and Seddin (Żydzino) were the parish. The parish of Freist belonged to the parish of Stolp -Altstadt in the eastern district of the church province of Pomerania of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . In 1940 there were 1,485 parishioners. The church patronage was the responsibility of the manor owner, most recently Wilhelm Anhalt on Freist and Kempen.
Since 1945 the population of Wrzeście has been almost without exception Catholic . The place is still the parish seat. The Filialkirche Żelkowo ( Wendisch Silkow , 1937–45 Schwerinshöhe ) belongs to the parish Wrzeście . In addition, the places Choćmirówko ( New Gutzmerow ) Choćmirowo ( Old Gutzmerow ) Karżcino ( Karzin ), Kępno ( Kempen ), Kukowo ( Kuckow ) Łękwica ( Lankwitz ) Lubuczewo ( Lübzow ) Murowaniec ( pitcher ), Wiklino ( Beckel ) , Witkowo ( Vietkow ), Zgojewko ( novelty Schojow ), Zgojewo ( Schojow ) and Żoruchowo ( Sorchow ) parish. The parish belongs to the Deanery Główczyce ( Glowitz ) in the diocese of Pelplin of the Catholic Church in Poland .
Protestant church members living here are assigned to the Kreuzkirche parish in Słupsk ( Stolp ) in the diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .
Pastor until 1945
In the pre-Reformation period - in 1493 - Johann Junghen and Dionysius Molner were pastors in Freist.
From the time of the Reformation until 1945, the following ministered as Protestant clergy:
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school
In 1932, Freist had a three-level elementary school. Here two teachers taught 79 school children in three classes.
traffic
The Voivodeship Road 213 runs through the place , which leads from Słupsk via Wicko ( Vietzig ) and Krokowa ( Krockow ) to Celbowo ( Celbau ) in the Powiat Pucki ( Putzig district ). On the same street, 36 kilometers away, there is a place with the same name: Wrzeście ( Freist, Lauenburg / Pomerania ).
Until 1945 there was a rail connection via Karżcino ( Karzin ) on the Stolp-Zezenow railway line of the Stolper Bahnen . Today the nearest train station is that of the city of Słupsk on the two railway lines No. 202 from Stargard in Pomerania to Gdansk and No. 405 from Schneidemühl to Stolpmünde .
Personalities: sons and daughters of the place
- Friedrich-Wilhelm Wentzlaff-Eggebert (1905–1999), German Germanist and university professor
literature
- Karl-Heinz Pagel : The district of Stolp in Pomerania. Testimonies to his German past , Lübeck 1989, pp. 457–463 (Description of the location Freedom . PDF, 1.36 MB)
- Ernst Müller The Protestant clergy in Pomerania from the Reformation to the present . Part 2, Stettin 1912.
- Hans Glaeser-Swantow: The Evangelical Pomerania . Part 2, Stettin 1940.
- Free village history in key words . In: Die Pommersche Zeitung , April 2, 1966.
Web links
- Wrzeście in the Powiat Słupski
- Free in the district of Stolp
- The place of residence Freist in the former municipality of Freist in the Stolp district (Gunthard Stübs and Pommersche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 2011)
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Karl-Heinz Pagel : The district of Stolp in Pomerania. Evidence of its German past , Lübeck 1989, p. 463 ( Description of the location Freist , PDF )