Główczyce

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Główczyce
Coat of arms of Gmina Główczyce
Główczyce (Poland)
Główczyce
Główczyce
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Pomerania
Powiat : Słupski
Gmina : Główczyce
Geographic location : 54 ° 37 '  N , 17 ° 22'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 37 '9 "  N , 17 ° 22' 14"  E
Residents : 1950
Postal code : 76-220
Telephone code : (+48) 59
License plate : GSL
Economy and Transport
Street : Ext. 213 : Słupsk ↔ Celbowo
Rail route : (no rail connection)
Next international airport : Danzig



Główczyce (German Glowitz , Kashubian Główczëce ) is a village in the powiat Słupski of the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship . It is the seat of the rural community of the same name .

geography

Główczyce is located in Western Pomerania , on a plateau south of Lake Łebsko (Leba Lake) in the northeast of the Slupsk district.

history

The village of Glowitz used to be the center of Kashubia and was popularly known as "Kashubsch Jerusalem". According to the type of settlement, the place is a large rural village . It was first mentioned in 1252. Other forms of the name are: Glovectz , Glovcicz and 1561 Glonitze . There was also the name Glowa , which in Kashubian means something like “height”, “top”.

Good Glowitz

In 1475 Nikolaus von Puttkamer is named as the owner on Nossin. Glowitz remained in the possession of the Puttkamer family until 1945. In 1784 the village had: 1 Vorwerk , 1 watermill. 1 preacher, 1 sexton, 10 farmers, 6 half-farmers, 3 jugs, 1 blacksmith and 2 wood-keeper's apartments in a total of 38 households. In 1874 the place was ravaged by a great fire.

Before 1945 Glowitz belonged to the district of Stolp in the administrative district of Köslin in the province of Pomerania . The village formed its own administrative district with a registry office and gendarmerie. District court district was Stolp . The last German mayor was the merchant Wilhelm Pleines , the last owner of the manor was Gerhard von Puttkamer . The community area totaled 1183 hectares.

In 1938 an area of ​​664.5 hectares belonged to the manor. In 1929, 169 residential buildings, 341 households and 1272 inhabitants were counted in Glowitz.

Before 1945 the municipality of Glowitz consisted of six villages or places:

  • Glowitz, forester's house
  • Glowitz, mill
  • New Glowitz
  • Sweating
  • Glowitz, brick factory
  • Glowitz, settlement

Towards the end of the Second World War , on March 8, 1945, Soviet tanks from the direction of Wendish Silkow (Żelkowo) penetrated the village, which they took possession of without a fight. After the whole of Western Pomerania had been placed under Polish administration at the end of May 1945, Polish militia arrived at the end of May 1945 and helped compatriots to expropriate the locals. Glowitz was renamed Główczyze . The expulsion of the German population began in the winter of 1945/46 .

Later, 625 villagers displaced from Glowitz in the Federal Republic of Germany and 212 in the GDR were identified.

Today Główczyze is the seat of a rural municipality of the same name and belongs to the Powiat Słupski of the Pomeranian Voivodeship (1975 to 1998 Slupsk Voivodeship ).

church

Parish church

The church in Główczyce (Glowitz) from 1891

The first church in Glowitz is said to have stood in 1062 and the steeple was built at that time. The church is only documented in 1585. The second church was a building from 1699, but burned down in 1889.

On September 24, 1891, the newly built church was handed over to its destination. A brass crown with eight arms that ended in a pine cone was hung on the west gallery. On the crown sat an eagle, on which a figure rode. It was a 17th century work. The sacrament implements, which date from the same century, were stolen after the First World War, but could be restored in their old form.

After 1945 the previously evangelical church was expropriated in favor of the Catholic Church. It received a new consecration with the name "Holy Apostles Peter and Paul" (Church of St. Peter and Paul).

Evangelical parish

There was already a parish in Glowitz in 1026. It was not until 1200 that there were also parishes in Groß Garde (Gardna Wielka) and Zezenow (Cecenowo). In the 19th century Glowitz was still considered to be the “main parish village” of the Kashubians, and Kashubian was also used for preaching until 1886. In 1535 Lutheran teaching found its way into the parish of Glowitz. In 1590 the place Poblotz (Pobłocie) was separated from the parish because of its great distance.

Pastor Petrus Schimansky , who worked here in the 18th century, had a lasting effect . It was shaped by the Moravian Brethren and largely transferred their way of life and belief to the congregation. In the Seven Years' War he was elected envoy to the Russian governor in Stettin. - The last pastor to preach Kashubian, Ernst Engelbert Kornelius Karl Lohmann wrote the chronicle of the church in Glowitz.

The parish in Glowitz was one of the largest and most difficult rural parishes in Western Pomerania . In 1912 it consisted of the parishes of Glowitz and Giesebitz and in 1940 had a total of 6,228 parishioners who lived in thirteen parish villages: Giesebitz (Izbica), Großendorf (Wielka Wieś) with Dochow (Dochowo), Klenzin (Klęcino), Rowen (Równo), Ruschütz (Rzuszcze), Schorin (Skórzyno), Speck (Gać), Vixow (Wykosowo), Warbelin (Warblino), Zedlin (Siodłonie), Zemmin (Ciemino) and Zipkow (Szczypkowice).

Before 1945 the parish of Glowitz belonged to the church district of Stolp -Altstadt in the church province of Pomerania of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . The church patronage was shared by the owners of the nine manors belonging to the parish. At that time the population was 98% Protestant. In the years 1939–1942, Annemarie Winter (1912–1945) worked here as a parish helper, whose life and work must be mentioned in the context of Pomeranian church history.

After 1945 Główczyce became a branch of the Kreuzkirche parish in Słupsk (Stolp) , which also looks after the branches of Gardna Wielka (Great Guard) and Lębork ( Lauenburg (Pomerania) ). It belongs to the diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland . The church service participants - including some Germans - come from the widely scattered localities in the surrounding area, where they live in the denominational diaspora . Services - also in German - are held in the parish hall, known as the “chapel”, to which a former stable was converted back in the 1930s.

Catholic parish

Mostly Catholic Christians have lived in Główczyce since 1945 . A separate parish was established in the village, named after the "Holy Apostles Peter and Paul". The following localities belong to the parish: Będziechowo (Bandsechow) , Ciemino (Zemmin) , Dochowo (Dochow) , Dochówko (Dochow, sheep farm) , Gać (bacon) , Gorzysław (Friedrichshof) , Izbica (Giesebitz) , Klęcinko (New Klenzin) , Klęcinko (Klenzin) , ROWNO (Rowen) , Rumsko (Rumbske) , Rzuski Las (Sophiental) , Rzuszcze (Ruschütz) , Siodłonie (Zedlin) , Skórzyno (Schorin) , Szczypkowice (Zipkow) , Warblino (Warbelin) , Więcino , Wielka Wieś ( Großendorf) , Wykosowo (Vixow) and Zgierz (Neuhof) . A branch church was built in Szszypkowice after 1945.

Deanery Główczyce

Today Główczyce is also the seat of a deanery named after him . It belongs to the Pelplin diocese in the Archdiocese of Gdansk of the Catholic Church in Poland . In 1992, the Pelplin diocese was established and formed from 30 deaneries that either previously belonged to other dioceses or were newly created. One of the newly formed deaneries is the Główczyce deanery, in which nine parishes are united:

school

The old Glowitz school was a thatched building and was spared the great fire of 1874. But in the 19th century the community built a new schoolhouse in the middle of the village and left the old building to the estate, which converted it into a workers' house. The new school had two classrooms and two more rooms were added at the beginning of the 20th century. The school had five levels. In 1932, three teachers taught 202 school children in five classes.

Memorial stone for the war dead

Memorial stone

On June 5, 1999, a memorial stone was inaugurated in Główczyce in memory of the dead in the Glowitz parish. A Polish-German ecumenical service took place in the church, which the Polish Catholic pastor from Główczyce, the Polish Protestant pastor from Słupsk and the German Protestant regional superintendent Gottfried Sprondel from Osnabrück (his father was a pastor in Glowitz from 1927 to 1932) organized together. All three clergy then consecrated the memorial stone, the erection of which was supported by the local Polish administration.

Personalities

  • Ernst Lohmann (1860–1936), German Protestant clergyman, founder of the German Aid Association for Christian Love in the Orient and the Malche Mission House
  • Ulli Beier (1922–2011), German writer, linguist and editor
  • Gottfried Sprondel (1930–2002), German Protestant clergyman, state superintendent for the Osnabrück district

Gmina Główczyce

The village of Główczyce is part and the official seat of the rural community named after him . The community area covers 323.8 km² and the number of inhabitants in 2004 totaled 9359.

traffic

Główczyce is located on Voivodship Road 213 , which leads from Słupsk ( Stolp , 30 km) to Celbowo ( Celbau , 74 km) near Puck ( Putzig (West Prussia) ) and in Główczyce the connecting road from Izbica (Giesebitz) via Stowięcino (Stojentin) to Potęgowo (Pottangow ) crosses on Landesstraße 6 (former Reichsstraße 2 , today also Europastraße 28 ). Until 1945, the place was a train station on the Stolp - Dargeröse (Dargoleza) small railway operated by the Stolper Bahnen . Today the nearest train station is Strzyżyno Słupskie (Stresow) on PKP line 202 Danzig - Stargard .

literature

  • Karl-Heinz Pagel : The district of Stolp in Pomerania . Lübeck 1989, pp. 483–492 ( Glowitz location description (PDF)).
  • Johannes Hinz: Pomerania. Signpost through an unforgettable country . Augsburg 1996.
  • Ernst Müller: The Protestant clergy of Pomerania from the Reformation to the present . Part 2, Stettin 1912.

Web links

Commons : Główczyce (województwo pomorskie)  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Gmina Główczyce  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Royal Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Part 2, Volume 2, Stettin 1784, pp. 966-967, No. 51.
  2. ^ Karl-Heinz Pagel : The district of Stolp in Pomerania . Lübeck 1989, pp. 483–492 ( Glowitz location description ; PDF)
  3. see: Friedrich Winter: I don't know the way either. The life of Vicar Annemarie Winter 1912-1945, Leipzig 2005, pp. 95–106