Cecenowo

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Cecenowo
Cecenowo does not have a coat of arms
Cecenowo (Poland)
Cecenowo
Cecenowo
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Pomerania
Powiat : Słupski
Gmina : Główczyce
Geographic location : 54 ° 39 '  N , 17 ° 33'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 38 '34 "  N , 17 ° 32' 31"  E
Residents : 426
Postal code : 76-222 Pobłocie
Telephone code : (+48) 59
License plate : GSL
Economy and Transport
Street : 213 Voivodeship Road : Slupsk ↔ Wicko
Rail route : PKP229: Lębork – Łeba
Railway station: Wrzeście
Next international airport : Danzig



Cecenowo (German Zezenow , Kashubian Cecenowò ) is an old Kashubian village in the north-west of the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship . It is affiliated to the rural community Główczyce in the Powiat Słupski .

Geographical location

Zezenow south of Leba on the Baltic Sea and northwest of the city of Lauenburg on a map from 1905.

The village is located in Western Pomerania on the northern transition over the Leba (Polish: Łeba), about 13 kilometers south of the city of Leba and 17 kilometers northwest of the city of Lebork ( Lauenburg i. Pom. ).

In the northeast, the village borders the nature reserve (Rezerwat Przyrody) Las Górkowski ("Gohrener Forest"), which extends between the places Górka ( Gohren ) and Cecenowo and is traversed by the Leba. It owes its origin to its location in the Leba glacial valley .

Village view
Village church (Protestant mother church until 1945, photo 2009)

history

Earlier forms of name have been passed down: Cezanovo (1229), Cecznonowo (1249), Ceczenow (1400) and Zetzenow (1779).

According to the historical form of the village, Zezenow was an angle-line village . The place name appears for the first time in documents in 1249 and 1252, in which Duke Swantopolk von Pommerellen confirmed ownership of the village to the monastery in Zuckau (now Polish: Żukowo) on the Radaune (Radunia).

In 1310 the Margraves of Brandenburg brought Zezenow to the Suckow monastery near Schlawe as a gift. In 1333 the monastery enfeoffed Anton von Manteuffel with the property. Manteuffel should arrange the settlement according to German law (Schwerin city law). Two hundred years later, the monastery sold the village to Ewald von Massow , royal court marshal and captain of Lauenburg . Zezenow became Massow's fief. The most prominent owners were Kaspar Otto von Massow (1665–1736), Minister of State and High President of Pomerania, and Joachim Ewald von Massow (1696–1769), secret state and conducting minister in Silesia. His son Carl von Massow sold Zezenow together with Dargeröse to Moritz Heinrich von Weiher in 1777 .

To 1784 Zezenow had a Vorwerk , a sheep , a preacher, a sexton, fifteen farmers, three Kossäten , a blacksmith and several Büdnerstellen on the field Mark - a total of 34 households. In addition to the parish of Glowitz , the parish of Zezenow was then the main residential area of ​​the Kashubians. Their language was also preached on Sundays. In 1842 Kashubians lived in Zezenow alongside 493 German-speaking residents.

In 1796 Zezenow and Dargeröse (Dargoleza) came into the possession of the von Zitzewitz family as a marriage property . When Kaspar Wilhelm von Zitzewitz died in 1829, the goods were transferred to Heinrich von Zitzewitz in 1834 . After the death of his father, Wilhelm von Zitzewitz (1838–1925) moved to his mother in Zezenow. He was the founder of the family affide Zitzewitz (Sycewice) - Gatz (Gać) - Nitzlin (Nosalin) and Herr auf Zezenow, Prebendow (Przebędowo), Dargeröse (Dargoleza), Klein Machmin (Machowinko), Schönwalde (Dębina) and other goods outside of the Stumbling Circle. The vernacular also called him "Kashubian King". In 1909 he was raised to the rank of count . In 1918 he left Wilhelm Graf von Zitzewitz Zezenow, Dargeröse and Prebendow to his second son Wilhelm Siegfried von Zitzewitz . After the death of his father in 1925, he moved to Zezenow and stayed there until the Red Army marched in in 1945. In 1938, the manor was 1172 hectares in size.

Until 1945 the municipality of Zezenow with its five villages Bottke (Budki), Fichtkaten (Świerczyna), Neu Zezenow (Cecenówko), Zezenow-Siedlung and Zezenow-Kleinbahnhof belonged to the district of Stolp (Słupsk) in the administrative district of Köslin (Koszalin) in the Prussian province of Pomerania . It was the seat of the official and registry office district Zeznow, in which the communities Dargeröse (Dargoleza), Poblotz (Pobłocie) and Wollin (Wolinia) were incorporated. Zezenow belonged to the Dargeröse gendarmerie district and the Lauenburg district court area in Pomerania (Lębork).

Towards the end of World War II , the occupation of the village on March 9, 1945 by Soviet troops resulted in hours of fighting. Then 80 people from the Volkssturm were shot in the neck and later buried in a mass grave. Numerous buildings were destroyed or - like the church - damaged. In May 1945, the Polish militia appeared. After the region, together with the whole of Western Pomerania, had been placed under Polish administration, immigrant Poles took over homesteads and apartments and displaced the Germans from them. In 1946 and 1947 expulsion transports for the German population were carried out across the Oder to central and western Germany.

Under his Polish name, Zezenow is now part of Gmina Główczyce in the Powiat Słupski in the Pomeranian Voivodeship (1975 to 1998 Slupsk Voivodeship ). More than 400 residents live here today.

Population development

year Residents Remarks
1819 326
1910 581
1925 595 592 Protestants and three Catholics
1933 545
1939 553

church

Parish church

A church in Zezenow was mentioned as early as 1590. When the old half-timbered church was demolished , a beam was found with a year from the 12th century.

The current church was rebuilt between 1865 and 1868. It is a brick building in neo-Gothic style, with two rows of ogival windows one above the other on the sides. While the church roof is covered with bricks, the 36 meter high west tower has a roof made of zinc sheets.

The church has numerous valuable furnishings, including a. the organ from 1870, which is the work of the Szczecin organ builder Barnim Grüneberg (1808–1907).

The present Zezenow church was a Protestant church for 77 years . After 1945 it was expropriated in favor of the Catholic Church, which gave it the name Kościół Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny ("Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary into Heaven", in short: Church of the Assumption ).

Parish / Parish

The interior of the church in Zezenow (2009)

Since the Reformation , Zezenow - with a predominantly Protestant population - was a Protestant parish . On the occasion of a church visit in 1590, the neighboring village of Poblotz (now in Polish: Pobłocie), which had previously belonged to the Glowitz parish (Główczyce), was parish. In 1710 Zezenow was called the smallest parish in the Kashubian area.

Lightning struck the parish barn in 1735, which burned down with the parish homestead and the church as well as eight other farms. In 1923, Wollin (Wolinia) , which had previously belonged to Stojentin (Stowięcino), was incorporated into Zezenow. In 1940, the parish had a total of 1,782 church members and belonged to the parish of Stolp-Altstadt in Ostsprengel the ecclesiastical province of Pomerania of the Prussian Union of churches . The church patronage was held by the respective landlord, most recently Wilhelm Siegfried von Zitzewitz .

A predominantly Catholic population has lived in Cecenowo since 1945 . The place is still the parish seat with the neighboring villages Pobłocie and Wolinia, but the parish is now integrated into the deanery Łeba ( Leba ) in the diocese of Pelplin of the Catholic Church in Poland . For Protestant church members living here, Główczyce ( Glowitz ) is the closest church village, the branch of the Kreuzkirche community in Słupsk ( Stolp ) in the diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .

Zeznow used to be the headquarters of the Kashubians along with Glowitz, which also made demands on the activities of the clergy, but also caused problems. The Kashubian residents fought vehemently against the assumption of office by Pastor Schimansky , who nevertheless worked here. Pastor Lorek wrote an expert paper on the Kashubians and characterized the people. Pastor Ziegler , who gave understandable and gladly heard sermons in Kashubian and published them - also as an aid to not so eloquent neighboring pastors - also showed great commitment for the Kashubians . In Zezenow they were kept in the parish archives until 1945. In 1842, Pastor Ziegler still held Kashubian church services here every 14 days. However, the number of the Kashubian-speaking population continued to decline. The last Kashubian service took place here in 1876.

school

As early as 1705, a teacher named Paul Sylvester for Zezenow , who had been appointed to the office as a weaver in 1667. A winter school has been handed down for Zezenow until 1750. At that time there were 80 school children here. After a fire in 1846 the place got a new school building, which existed until 1945. In 1932 the school had three levels: 97 school children were taught by two teachers in three classes.

manor

The old house of the manor, single-storey and enclosed with a sedate mansard roof, was built by Kaspar Wilhelm von Zitzewitz between 1812 and 1814 . In 1858 and again in 1868 it received new extensions under Wilhelm von Zitzewitz. It was a three-part castle with a massive tower that was visible from far and wide across the Leba .

legend

In 1779, the local historian Christian Wilhelm Haken (1723–1791) reported the following about the Kashubians in Zezenow:

“ The cassubes are still deep in superstition. They practice this to heal their and their cattle diseases, and to make themselves fruitful, through the given art of being able to witch. Not many years ago no one wanted to drive through the village of Zetzenow, because they ran the risk of a horse or ox falling over or at least becoming lame. The deceased righteous Pastor Beyer finally found out, and discovered in them a herb that was so poisonous that if the cattle only smelled it, but even more if it ate, the witchcraft was finished in a few minutes; but when it was gone, it stopped. "

Pastor Georg Beyer was in Zezenow for the period 1728–1744.

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the place

Personalities who have worked in the place

  • Wilhelm von Zitzewitz (1838–1925), Prussian politician, had been a squire on Zezenow since 1865 and died here on November 20, 1925. In 1909, Kaiser Wilhelm II raised him to the rank of count.

traffic

The Voivodeship Road 213, which runs from Słupsk ( Stolp ) via Główczyce to Wicko ( Vietzig ) and on to Celbowo ( Celbau ) in the Powiat Pucki ( Putzig ), runs right through the town.

The nearest train station is Wrzeście ( Freest ) on the State Railway Line 229 from Lębork to Łeba . Between 1902 and 1933 the then Zezenow was the end point of a small railway line of the Stolper Bahnen from Stolp via Dargeröse (Dargoleza) to here in the northeast of the Stolp district . In 1935, the Dargeröse –Zezenow section, which had only been closed until then, was completely closed, and the rest of the route was closed in 1945.

literature

  • Karl-Heinz Pagel : The district of Stolp in Pomerania . Lübeck 1989, pp. 1049-1055 ( Download location description Zezenow . PDF; 1.5 MB)
  • Ernst Müller: The Protestant clergy of Pomerania from the Reformation to the present . Part 2, Stettin 1912.
  • Hans Glaeser-Swantow: The Evangelical Pomerania . Part 2, Stettin 1940.

Web links

Commons : Cecenowo  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Historical Commission for Pomerania : Publications: Pommersches Urkundenbuch , Volumes 8–9, 1961
  2. ^ A b Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Königl. Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Part II, Volume 2, Stettin 1784, p. 1021, No. 167.
  3. ↑ Wobeser: Something about the residence of the Cassubes in Pomerania . In: Anton Friedrich Büschings Weekly News , Volume 7, No. 23 of June 7, 1779, Berlin, pp. 181–183
  4. ^ Karl-Heinz Pagel : The district of Stolp in Pomerania . Lübeck 1989, p. 1055 ( Download location description Zezenow ) (PDF; 1.5 MB)
  5. ^ AA Mützell: New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5, Halle 1823, p. 225 .
  6. ^ The community of Zezenow in the former Stolp district (Gunthard Stübs and Pommersche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 2011)
  7. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. stolp.html # ew39stlpzezen. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  8. ↑ Christian Wilhelm Haken : Something about the Pomeranian Cassuben . In: Anton Friedrich Büschings Weekly News . Seventh year, Berlin 1779, No. 24, pp. 189-193 and No. 25, pp. 197-201 , especially p. 201 below.