Smołdziński Las

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Smołdziński Las
Smołdziński Las does not have a coat of arms
Smołdziński Las (Poland)
Smołdziński Las
Smołdziński Las
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Pomerania
Powiat : Slupsk
Gmina : Smołdzino
Geographic location : 54 ° 41 '  N , 17 ° 15'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 41 '22 "  N , 17 ° 14' 32"  E
Residents : 244
Telephone code : (+48) 59
License plate : GSL
Economy and Transport
Street : Smołdzino - Kluki
Rail route : no rail connection
Next international airport : Danzig



Smołdziński Las (German Holzkathen, Stolp / Pomerania district , Kashubian Smôłdzyńsczi Las ) is a village in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship and belongs to the Gmina Smołdzino (rural community Schmolsin ) in the powiat Słupsk ( Stolp district ).

Geographical location and transport links

Smołdziński Las is located in Western Pomerania , between Lake Garda and Lake Leba , three kilometers from the Baltic coast. The road from Smołdzino ( Schmolsin ) through Smołdziński Las via Łokciowe ( Lochzen ) continues to Kluki ( Klucken ) on Lake Leba. Before 1945, a small railway , operated by the Stolper Bahnen , from Stolp to Schmolsin , provided a rail link to Holzkathen, four kilometers away. Today there is a bus connection.

history

Holzkathen was originally laid out in 1777 as part of an estate by Franz Balthasar Schönberg von Brenkenhoff , the secret chief finance, war and domain councilor of Frederick the Great . Two large Dutch farms were built and 16 Büdner and four shepherd families were also settled. The village of Papsteinthal, which was also founded by Brenkenhoff and named after his father-in-law, later disappeared.

Holzkathen was considered to be the longest village in the district, as it took a vigorous pedestrian more than an hour to cross the area around the village. Holzkathen was a widespread scattered settlement , between whose settlement areas there was boggy ground with swamp , alder quarries and bog ponds . Wherever a sandbank or the like in the shallow terrain offered the opportunity, the settlers had built their farms.

Until 1945 Holzkathen belonged to the district of Stolp in the administrative district of Köslin in the province of Pomerania . In the end, Holzkathen was a farming village with many small and large farms. In 1939 there were 145 farms - with a population of 841 in 206 households.

Towards the end of the Second World War , the Red Army , coming from the direction of Glowitz , occupied the municipality of Holzkathen on March 9, 1945 . There was no fighting, but nine homesteads went up in flames. Some villagers were abducted. Because the entire Baltic Sea coast was declared a restricted area, the people of Holzkathen had to leave the place temporarily in March 1945. The villagers moved to Großendorf (now Polish: Wielka Wieś), Pottangow (Potęgowo) and Marienfelde (Świtały).

In July 1945 there was a prison camp in Holzkathen with around 200 German soldiers who were later transported to Pillau (now Russian: Балтийск / Baltijsk).

After the end of the war, Holzkathen was placed under Polish administration together with the whole of Western Pomerania. Poles came to the village in the summer of 1945, causing two fatalities. Holzkathen was renamed Smołdziński Las . In the period that followed, the villagers were driven out .

Later, in Germany 349 and in the DDR 243 displaced from Holzkathen villagers determined.

Next to the lighthouse and on the coupling dune about 1.5 km away there were larger military installations of the Polish army, such as a large radar system. The systems are still there, but have been cleared.

The village is now part of the Gmina Smołdzino in the powiat Słupski in the Pomeranian Voivodeship (1975 to 1998 Stolp Voivodeship ). It currently has over 200 residents.

Local division until 1945

The Scholpin lighthouse (Latarnia Morska Czołpino)
Military installation next to the Smołdzino (Scholpin) lighthouse

Before 1945 there were 20 districts in the municipality of Holzkathen:

  • Bakery
  • Batharar
  • Bohr
  • Viola
  • Brenkenhofsthal (now Polish: Przybynin)
  • Brimberg
  • Dam (Dębowe)
  • German man
  • Grudge
  • Grünau (also: Grünhof) (Listowie)
  • Hastily
  • Blocks (Klece)
  • cross
  • Radtke (Radek)
  • Schabbock (also: Czapock)
  • Schims (also: Chims)
  • Sailing
  • Scholpin (Czołpino)
  • School grumpy
  • Wilhelmshof (Następowo)

The formerly special districts of Gorni, Lukowe, Piezkamp, ​​Sduni and Stewerkowe bore the name of the municipality Holzkathen from 1937.

In the Hofkammergut Brenkenhofsthal (now Polish: Przybynin) lived on before 1945, the founder of the estate, the secret finance, war and domain councilor Franz Balthasar Schönberg von Brenkenhoff (1723–1780). He laid out the estate in 1777. In Brenkenhofsthal there was once also the "most remote, at the same time the smallest and cosiest inn in the district".

Grünau (also Grünhof ) was the district forester of Lebanehrung before 1945 .

Klötzen , Deutschmann and Kreuz lay on the road with their distinctive houses and the gray-blackened, moss-green reed roofs.

Attractions

An interesting hiking trail runs uphill from the village of Radtke (Radek) with its car park. The dune keeper's house and the lighthouse keeper's house from Radtke (Radek) were also previously known on the Aufweg . The former no longer exists, the lighthouse keeper's house is still well preserved. Both were already in place before 1880 (according to MTB 1880) and were probably built for the construction of the lighthouse in 1872–1875. On the lighthouse dune behind Radtke (Radek) is the still existing lighthouse Scholpin (Polish: Latarnia Morska Czołpino) it is 56 m high and was built in 1875. The design of the dune can be clearly seen on the steep slope from the lighthouse to the beach. The wide, beautiful sandy beach is largely untouched here. Along the beach to the west, after 1 km you reach a rescue station, which was already in existence in 1880 and which today houses a small catering facility. From there, the circular route takes you back to the car park at the Radtke (Radek) forest house . The two military installations are at the lighthouse and to the west of the rescue station.

  • Lighthouse keeper's house Scholpin near Radtke (Radek)

  • Lighthouse path near Radtke (Radek)

  • Scholpin lighthouse (Czołpino)

  • Scholpin lighthouse dune (Czołpino)

  • Beach at the Scholpin lighthouse (Latarnia Morska Czołpino)

  • Old Scholpin Rescue Station (Czołpino)

church

Before 1945 the population of Holzkathen was predominantly of Protestant denomination. The village belonged to the parish Schmolsin (today Polish: Smołdzino) in the church district of Stolp-Altstadt in the eastern district of the church province of Pomerania of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . The Schmolsiner village church was the central place of worship. Pastor Ernst Fürstenberg served here as the last German clergyman before 1945 .

Since 1945 the evangelical residents of Smołdziński Las have been cared for by the pastor of the Kreuzkirche in Słupsk ( Stolp ) in the Pomeranian-Greater Poland diocese of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland - the next branch church is in Gardna Wielka ( Great Guard ).

In 1925 there were only 19 residents of Catholic denomination in Holzkathen . Today, however, the population of Smołdziński Las is predominantly Catholic.

Smołdzińki Las has had its own church since 2010. The community members erected it themselves from field stones and bricks in voluntary work. A wooden belfry stands separately. The faithful in Smołdziński Las as well as in Przybynin ( Brenkenhofstal ), Następowo ( Wilhelmshof ), Czołpino ( Scholpin ) and Kluki (West Pomeranian Voivodeship) Kluki ( Klucken ) have created a common place of worship . It is set back a little diagonally across from the old village school.

The church in Smołdzino ( Schmolsin ) is still the parish church. She belongs to the deanery Główczyce ( Glowitz ) in the diocese of Pelplin of the Catholic Church in Poland .

school

In the Holzkathen elementary school, which had four levels in 1932, three teachers taught a total of 150 school children in four classes. In 1937, a new building for the teachers' house with two service apartments and the conversion of the old school house with individual classrooms were inaugurated. Most recently, the teachers Garbe , Nitz and Marx taught .

Personalities of the place

  • Wilhelm Heerde (1898–1991), sculptor and politician (NSDAP), attended the village school in Holzkathen

literature

Web links

Commons : Smołdziński Las  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Karl-Heinz Pagel : The district of Stolp in Pomerania. Testimonies to his German past , Lübeck 1989, p. 580 ( Online, PDF )
  2. ^ The municipality of Holzkathen in the former Stolp district (Gunthard Stübs and Pommersche Porsche Community, 2011).
  3. ↑ For the first time a church in Holzkathen , in: Die Pommersche Zeitung, episode 4/11 - January 29, 2011, page 8