Smołdzino
| Smołdzino | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Słupski | ||
| Gmina : | Smołdzino | ||
| Geographic location : | 54 ° 40 ' N , 17 ° 13' E | ||
| Residents : | 984 | ||
| Postal code : | 76-214 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 59 | ||
| License plate : | GSL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | DW 213 : Słupsk –Celbowo, junction: Choćmirowo (10 km) | ||
| Rail route : | no rail connection | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
Smołdzino ( German : Schmolsin , Kashubian : Smôłdzëno ) is a Polish village and seat of the rural community of the same name in the Powiat Słupski of the Pomeranian Voivodeship .
Geographical location
The village is located in Western Pomerania , at the northeastern foot of the Rowokół hill (Revekol) . It is located directly on the southern border of the Slowinski National Park . The distance to Słupsk (Stolp) is 28 kilometers by road, the distance to Ustka (Stolpmünde) is 30 kilometers by road.
history
Until 1945 Schmolsin belonged to the district of Stolp in the administrative district of Köslin in the Prussian province of Pomerania . It is one of the oldest villages in the Stolper Land . According to the historical shape of the village, it is a large street village . An old rampart with a moat is from prehistoric times and is located in the Rowokół forest 500 meters from the village.
In 1281 Schmolsin ( Smoltzini , later also Smoltzin ) is mentioned in a document for the first time. At that time the place belonged to Groß Garde (now Polish: Gardna Wielka) and Belbuck Monastery , in 1291 it came to Oliva Monastery .
In 1487 Peter Tessen is named as feudal lord , and around 1600 the Duchess Anna von Croy (1590–1660), sister of Bogislaw XIV , was assigned her widow's seat here . The castle was on the Lupow (Łupawa), it no longer exists. After the princess's death, the place came to her son, Duke Ernst Bogislaw von Croy (1620–1684), then to Ernst von Croyengreiff and finally in 1684 to the House of Brandenburg . Frederick the Great himself finally gave the order to meliorate the area north of Schmolsin .
From the beginning until the end of the 18th century settled in Schmolsin Slovincians that were gradually Germanized in the first half of the 19th century. In 1784 Schmolsin was named as follows: a Vorwerk , a preacher, a forester, a sexton, four desolate farms (used by the royal office), 22 farmers, two cottagers , 10 Büdner , a preacher's widow's house, a blacksmith and 34 Büdner at Revekol a total of 71 fireplaces (households).
In 1852 Schmolsin came into the possession of the court chamber , Kaiser Wilhelm II himself paid a visit to the place in 1910. The Hohenzollern estate was 2056 hectares in size and had a rich livestock. In the 19th century, Scholsin and the Revekol with its observation tower were popular excursion destinations, also for summer visitors, especially since the village of Stolp and Stolpmünde is easy to reach by bike.
Towards the end of the Second World War , Schmolsin was occupied by the Red Army in March 1945 . After the end of the war, the village was placed under Polish administration. Polish and Ukrainian civilians settled there, who initially came mainly from the areas east of the Curzon Line that had fallen to the Soviet Union as part of the “ West displacement of Poland ” . The German residents were expelled in the following years . Schmolsin received the Polish name Smołdzino .
Population numbers
- 1852: 140
- 1925: 1257, all Protestants
- 1933: 1344
- 1939: 1308, in 377 households
Local division until 1945
Before 1945 the community of Schmolsin had nine districts:
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Office Schmolsin
Schmolsin formed its own administrative district within the district of Stolp in the administrative district of Köslin in the province of Pomerania until 1945 . The towns of Klein Garde (now in Polish: Gardna Mała ), Schlochow ( Człuchy ), Schmolsin, Vietkow ( Witkowo ), Virchenzin ( Wierzchocino ) and Zietzen ( Siecie ) with the associated seven farms were assigned. The former governor of Schmolsin (and Stolp ) was from 1707 to 1709 the later Prussian Minister of State and General Post Director Ernst Bogislav von Kameke .
Schmolsin was also the seat of a registry office and a gendarmerie . The local court was oriented towards Stolp.
Schmolsin Forestry Office
Before 1945, the Schmolsin forestry district included the Schmolsin (Revekol and Flossen) and Grünhof (Fichtholz and Eulenburg) forest rangers, as well as the Rowe ( Rowy ), Rumbske ( Rumsko ) and Virchenzin ( Wierzchocino ) forestry districts .
church
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The village church was rebuilt on the initiative of Duchess Anna von Croy and consecrated on October 16, 1632. The previous, first Lutheran church (or chapel) was built in 1581 by the Schmolziner manor owner Schwantes Tessen . This older chapel had stood where the preacher's cattle shed had been built towards the end of the 18th century. In the 19th century the village church was enlarged and also received a tower. The interior was very rich.
Until 1832, preaching was also held in Kashubian in the church .
The pastor Michael Brüggemann , appointed by Duchess Anna in Schmolsin in 1610 , published the catechism of Martin Luther , the penitential psalms of David , the story of the Passion of Jesus Christ as well as a baptismal and mourning woman in the Kashubian language and thus created an important work for the Protestant Kashubians. The Duchess Anna von Croy once had him secretly made an oil painting. The life-size picture hangs to this day (2010) in the village church of Schmolsin.
With the villages of Holzkathen ( Smołdziński Las ), Klucken ( Kluki ), Schlochow ( Człuchy ), Selesen ( Żelazo ), Schmolsin ( Smołdzino ), Vietkow ( Witkowo ), Virchenzin ( Wierzchocino ) and Zietzen ( Siecie ) belonged to the evangelical parish of Schmolsin until 1945 to the church district of Stolp -Altstadt in the eastern district of the church province of Pomerania of the Church of the Old Prussian Union .
From 1632 to 1945 the church was a Protestant church. After 1945 it was expropriated in favor of the Catholic Church , which rededicated it and gave it the name Trójcy Świętej (Holy Trinity ).
school
Schmolsin already had a two-class school in 1852. A new, large school building was built in 1893. In 1932 the school had five levels, with three teachers teaching 221 school children.
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the place
- Johann Gotthelf Lindner (1729–1776), born in Schmolsin as a pastor's son, important spiritual poet and esthete in Königsberg (Prussia)
- Honor god Friedrich Lindner (1733-1816), younger brother of Johann Gotthelf Lindner, practiced as a doctor in Mitau
- Reinhold Lebrecht Moritz von Hanstein (1819–1876), Prussian major general and commander of the 1st Leib-Hussar Regiment
- Horst Grunenberg (1928–2006), German politician (SPD), member of the Bundestag
- Wolfgang Weit (* 1932), German opera director
- Siegfried Melchert (1936–2013), German sports historian and university professor
Other personalities associated with the place
- Knight Schwantes Tessen († April 1, 1607), was hereditary lord of Vorwerk Schmolsin, Landvogt zu Schlawe , later Captain von Schlawe, Stolp and Lauenburg (with his death, the male line of the Eastern Pomeranian branch of the Tessen family died out).
- Duchess Erdmuthe von Brandenburg (1561–1623), had received the office of Stolp as Wittum after the death of her husband in 1600 and lived in the castle of Stolp and since 1608 - after the death of Schwantes von Tessen - also in the castle on the outskirts of Schmolsin .
- Michael Brüggemann (1583–1654), first Protestant pastor in Schmolsin from 1600 to 1654, translated sacred literature into the Kashubian language.
- Duchess Anna von Croy (1590–1660), sister of Bogislaw XIV , had received the office of Stolp as Wittum after the death of her husband and lived in the castle belonging to the outworks of Schmolsin and founded the village church of Schmolsin.
- Ernst Bogislav von Kameke (1674–1726), from 1707 to 1709 governor of Schmolsin (and Stolp), Prussian Minister of State and General Post Director.
Attractions
- Village church with old furnishings and partially preserved old ceiling paintings
- Panoramic view from Rowokół.
Gmina Smołdzino
Smołdzino is the seat of the rural municipality of the same name , the area of which stretches between the Jezioro Gardno ( Lake Garda ) and the Jezioro Łebsko ( Lake Leba ). Its area is 257.24 km² and the population is 3400.
literature
- Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Königl. Prussian Duchy of Vor and Hinter Pomerania. Part II, Volume 2, Stettin 1784, pp. 939-940 .
- Karl-Heinz Pagel : The district of Stolp in Pomerania. Evidence of his German past , Lübeck 1989, pp. 870–881 ( Download Schmolsin description of the place )
- Johannes Hinz: Pomerania. Guide through an unforgettable country , Augsburg, 1996
- Ernst Müller: The Evangelical Clergy of Pomerania from the Reformation to the Present , Part 2, Stettin, 1912
- Hellmuth Heyden : Church history of Pomerania , 2 vol., Cologne-Braunsfeld, 1957
Web links
- Community website (Polish)
- The community of Schmolsin in the former Stolp district in Pomerania (Gunthard Stübs and Pommersche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 2011)
Footnotes
- ↑ Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Königl. Prussian Duchy of Vor and Hinter Pomerania. Part II, Volume 2, Stettin 1784, pp. 939-940 .
- ^ Meyer's travel book: Deutsche Ostseeküste II - Rügen and the Pomeranian coast with its hinterland , 2nd edition, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig 1924, p. 192.
- ^ Karl-Heinz Pagel: The district of Stolp in Pomerania . Lübeck 1989, p. 880
- ^ Topographical-statistical handbook of the Prussian state (Kraatz, ed.). Berlin 1856, p. 552 .
- ↑ http://gemeinde.schmolsin.kreis-stolp.de/
- ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. stolp.html # ew39stlpschmo. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Christian Friedrich Wutstrack (ed.): Brief historical-geographical-statistical description of the royal Prussian duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Stettin 1793, pp. 716-717.
- ^ Addendum to the brief historical-geographical-statistical description of the Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania ( Christian Friedrich Wutstrack , ed.). Stettin 1795, p. 330.
- ↑ Ingrid Bigler-Marschall (Ed.): Deutsches Theater-Lexikon . Volume 6. 2008, p. 3187 ( online ).
Districts: Bukowa (Wendisch Buckow) | Człuchy (Schlochow) | Czysta (Wittbeck) | Gardna Mała (Little Guard) | Gardna Wielka (Great Guard) | Kluki (cluck) | Komnino (Kuhnhof) | Łokciowe (Lochzen) | Retowo (Rotten) | Siecie (Zietzen) | Smołdzino (Schmolsin) | Smołdziński Las (wooden catheters ) | Stojcino (Stohentin) | Wierzchocino (Virchenzin) | Witkowo (Vietkow) | Żelazo (Selesen)
Other localities: Boleniec (Bollenz) | Czołpino (Scholpin) | Łódki | Przybynin (Brenkenhofsthal) | Siedliszcze (Zedlerkaten) | Stare Kluki (Alt Klucken) | Wysoka (Wittstock)