Pierre-Henri Hugoniot

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Pierre-Henri Hugoniot (born June 5, 1851 in Allenjoie , Doubs department ; † 1887 ) was a French ballistician , known for investigating shock waves .

Life

Hugoniot was the son of a metallurgist and showed an early talent for science. At the age of only 17 he became a preparateur de physique at the Faculté de Sciences in Strasbourg. He attended the École polytechnique from 1870 and was in the naval artillery after graduating in 1872. From 1879 to 1882 he was professor of mechanics and ballistics at the Marine Artillery School in Lorient and then deputy director of the central laboratory of the naval artillery. In 1884 he became a captain and at the same time assistant professor of mechanics at the École polytechnique. With his colleague Hippolyte Sebert (1839–1930) he investigated the spread of gas in firing cannons. This resulted in the equation for shock waves in 1885, which today bears his name and that of William Rankine (1870) ( Rankine-Hugoniot equation ), published in the Journal of the École polytechnique when the author had already died (editor was the mathematician Roger Liouville ) . His ideas were further developed in France by J. Crussard (1907) and Émile Jouguet (1910 and “Mécanique des Explosifs” 1917).

Because of his contribution to the book by Felix Hélie Traité de ballistique expérimentale (Paris, Gauthier-Villars 1864), which summarized the experiments in ballistics of the French military in Gavres from 1830 to 1864, he received a prize from the Academie des Sciences and became a tutor in 1884 for mechanics at the Ecole Polytechnique.

After Cheret, he chose a career as an artillery officer, which did not correspond to his skills as a mathematician, because he was bitter about the defeat in the war of 1870 against the German Empire.

He may have died of overwork. According to Liouville's obituary, he died on a business trip to the Compagnie de Tramways de Nantes. Most recently he also dealt with steam engines and probably advised in this area.

Fonts

  • Mémoire sur la propagation du mouvement dans un fluide indéfini , CR Acad. Sciences 1887
  • Sur la propagation du mouvement dans les corps et spécialement dans les gaz parfaits , Journal École Polytechnique, Volume 57, 1887, pp. 3-98, Volume 58, 1889, pp. 1-126

literature

  • Entry in the Grand Larousse Encyclopedie 1963 (with photo)
  • Merkoulova in Dictionary of Scientific Biography 1972
  • Peter Krehl History of Shock Waves, Explosions and Impact , Springer Verlag 2009, especially p. 1094/95 with photo

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Biography in Peter Krehl History of Shock Waves , pp. 1094/95.
  2. ^ Hugoniot, Sebert Étude des effets de la poudre dans un canon de 10 cm , Paris 1882
  3. ↑ According to Krehl, this breakthrough came at the École Polytechnique and in his first work he still treated shock waves as an adiabatic process using the Poisson equation
  4. ↑ Notice sur la vie et les travaux d´Hugoniot, J. École Polytechnique, Volume 28, 1931, 1-14
  5. ↑ Krehl, loc. cit., after Larousse
personal data
SURNAME Hugoniot, Pierre-Henri
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French engineer and physicist
DATE OF BIRTH June 5, 1851
PLACE OF BIRTH Allenjoie , Doubs department
DATE OF DEATH 1887