Human coronaviruses

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Human coronaviruses (singular: human coronavirus , abbreviation: hCoV or HCoV ) are those viruses of the Coronaviridae family (coronaviruses) that infect humans. One of them is SARS-CoV-2 , the virus that is responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic .

overview

There are currently seven known coronaviruses (viruses of the Coronaviridae family ) that infect humans. They all belong to the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae and in it to the two genera Alpha- and Betacoronavirus .

The seven viruses commonly referred to as "human coronaviruses" are:

Two other human coronaviruses are also known:

HCoV-B814 was the first human coronavirus ever to be discovered (isolated in 1960, identified in 1965). It caused typical cold symptoms. The original viral material has been lost and it is possible that it is identical to one of the other human coronaviruses. The virus is not systematically classified.

The human enteric coronavirus has not been proven to cause disease in humans. Some serological cross-reactivity with HCoV-OC43 was found, some not. Further studies have not been published, in particular it has not been subjected to molecular genetic analysis. Along with HCoV-OC43, it is classified as a subspecies of the species Betacoronavirus 1 .

Systematics

External system

Extract from the systematic presentation under Coronaviridae , for more details see there. (The types and subspecies of viruses described in this article are shown in bold.)

Coronaviridae family
Subfamily Orthocoronavirinae
Genus Alphacoronavirus
Subgenus Duvinacovirus
Art Human coronavirus 229E
Setracovirus subgenus
Art Human coronavirus NL63
Genus Betacoronavirus
Subgenus Embecovirus
Type beta coronavirus 1
Subspecies Human coronavirus OC43
Subspecies Human enteric coronavirus
Art Human coronavirus HKU1
Subgenus Merbecovirus
Kind Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
Subgenus Sarbecovirus
Type Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus subspecies
Subspecies Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Kenneth McIntosh (for this chapter): Feigin and Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Disease . 6th edition. Saunders / Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA (USA) 2009, ISBN 978-1-4160-4044-6 , section XVII, subsection 10, chapter 189A. Coronaviruses and Toroviruses , S. 2380 (English, full text of the chapter [PDF; 265 kB ; accessed on July 7, 2020]).
  2. ↑ a b D.A. J. Tyrrell, M. L. Bynoe: Cultivation of a Novel Type of Common-cold Virus in Organ Cultures . In: British Medical Journal . tape 1 , article no. 5448 , p. 1467–1470, June 5, 1965, doi : 10.1136 / bmj.1.5448.1467 , PMID 14288084 , PMC 2166670 (free full text) - (English, full text [PDF; 898 kB ; accessed on July 15, 2020]).
  3. ↑ a b c E. J. C. Kendall, M. L. Bynoe, D. A. J. Tyrrell: Virus Isolations from Common Colds Occurring in a Residential School . In: British Medical Journal . tape 2 , article no. 5297 , p. 82–86, July 14, 1962, doi : 10.1136 / bmj.2.5297.82 , PMID 14455113 , PMC 1925312 (free full text) - (English, full text [PDF; 1.1 MB ; accessed on July 15, 2020]).
  4. ↑ a b Nevio Cimolai: Features of enteric disease from human coronaviruses: Implications for COVID ‐ 19 . Review. In: Journal of Medical Virology . S. 1-11. Wiley Periodicals, June 5, 2020, chapter 4.1 , doi : 10.1002 / jmv.26066 , PMID 32462689 , PMC 7283829 (free full text) - (English).
  5. ↑ a b Giuseppe Gerna, Nilda Passarani, Massimo Battaglia, Elio G. Rondanelli: Human enteric Coronaviruses: Antigenic Relatedness to Human Coronavirus OC43 and Possible Etiologic Role in Viral Gastroenteritis . In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases . tape 151 , no. 5, May 1985 edition, p. 796-803. The University of Chicago, May 1, 1985, doi : 10.1093 / infdis / 151.5.796 , PMID 2985710 , PMC 7109899 (free full text) - (English, full text [PDF; 589 kB ; accessed on July 15, 2020]).
  6. ↑ a b G Gerna, N Passarani, M Battaglia, MG Revello, D Torre, PM Cereda: Coronaviruses and gastroenteritis: evidence of antigenic relatedness between human enteric coronavirus strains and human coronavirus OC43 . In: Microbiologica . tape 7 , no. 4, October 1984 edition, p. 315-322, October 1984, PMID 6083436 (English).
  7. ↑ Elizabeth Mahase: Covid-19: First coronavirus which Described in The BMJ in 1965 . In: The BMJ . tape 369 , edition 8242, article no. m1547, April 16, 2020, doi : 10.1136 / bmj.m1547 , PMID 32299810 (English, full text [PDF; 797 kB ; accessed on July 16, 2020]).
  8. ^ Arnold S. Monto, Benjamin J. Cowling, JS Malik Peiris: Coronaviruses . In: Kaslow R., Stanberry L., Le Duc J. (Eds.): Viral Infections of Humans — Epidemiology and Control . 5th edition. Cape. 10, p. 199-223. Springer Science + Business Media, New York 2014, ISBN 978-1-4899-7447-1 , chap. 10 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-1-4899-7448-8_10 , PMC 7122465 (free full text) - (English, full text [PDF; 894 kB ; accessed on July 15, 2020]).
  9. ^ Raoul J. de Groot, John Ziebuhr, Leo L. Poon, Patrick C. Woo, Pierre Talbot, Peter JM Rottier, Kathryn V. Holmes, Ralph Baric, Stanley Perlman, Luis Enjuanes, Alexander E. Gorbalenya: Revision of the family Coronaviridae . Proposal. In: Virus Taxonomy . History. Revision 2009, June. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), 2008, Proposal Code 2008.085-126V (English, ictvonline.org [PDF; 175 kB ; accessed on May 5, 2020]).