Hyaloscyphaceae

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Hyaloscyphaceae
Larch softwood hair cups (Lachnellula occidentalis)

Larch softwood hair cups ( Lachnellula occidentalis )

Systematics
Sub-kingdom : Dikarya
Department : Ascomycota mushrooms
Subdivision : Real ascent mushrooms (Pezizomycotina)
Class : Leotiomycetes
Order : Helotials
Family : Hyaloscyphaceae
Scientific name
Hyaloscyphaceae
Nannf.

The Hyaloscyphaceae form a family of fungi within the order of the Helotiales .

features

The Hyaloscyphaceae form small flat or cup-shaped apoothecia as fruiting bodies . The excipulum , the structure around the fruiting body, is soft and fleshy and usually consists of prismatic or isodiametric cells. It almost always has clear, sometimes ornamented hair around the fruit layer , which is often brightly colored. The layer between the tubes consists of simple paraphyses that can be lanceolate in shape. The tubes themselves are usually cylindrical-club-shaped, thin-walled and small and have an amyloid (which can be stained with iodine) or inamyloid apical ring . The ascospores are small, often elongated, and can be septate or unseptate.

A stroma is not formed. Minor fruit forms are rare, if present, so differently designed hyphomycetic forms occur.

ecology

Hyaloscyphaceae are common worldwide. The species normally live saprotrophically on herbaceous or woody plants. Larch shrimp ( Lachnellula willkommii ) grows on larch . Many species specialize in only one host, an indication of an endophytic way of life. For example, recently some species were discovered within the roots of the heather family Enkianthus campanulatus , which presumably form a mycorrhiza .

Systematics

John Axel Nannfeldt described the family in 1932. The family is polyphyletic , some genera are also polyphyletic , but often very poorly studied. The family will probably be split up in the near future and Han and co-workers suggested in 2014 that only the genus Hyaloscypha should remain in the Hyaloscyphaceae sensu stricto family . The tribe Lachnaeae is on their studies, monotypic , the tribes Arachnopezizeae and Hyaloscypheae are not. A split into several families is still pending. The following genera currently belong to the family of Hyaloscyphaceae sensu lato , divided into the three branches Arachnopezizeae, Hyaloscypheae and Lachneae:

swell

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Zheng Wang, Peter R. Johnston, Susumu Takamatsu, Joseph W. Spatafora, David S. Hibbett: Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Leotiomycetes based on rDNA data. In: Mycologia . tape 98 , 2006, pp. 1065-1075 , doi : 10.3852 / mycologia.98.6.1065 ( Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Leotiomycetes based on rDNA data ).
  2. ↑ Keisuke Obase, Yosuke Matsuda: Culturable fungal endophytes in roots of Enkianthus campanulatus (Ericaceae). In: Mycorrhiza . tape 24 , no. 8 , 2014, p. 635-644 , doi : 10.1007 / s00572-014-0584-5 ( Culturable fungal endophytes in roots of Enkianthus campanulatus (Ericaceae). ).
  3. ^ Mycobank, accessed March 19, 2015
  4. ↑ a b Jae-Gu Han, Tsuyoshi Hosoya, Gi-Ho Sung, Hyeon-Dong Shin: Phylogenetic reassessment of Hyaloscyphaceae sensu lato (Helotiales, Leotiomycetes) based on multigene analyzes. In: Fungal Biology . tape 118 , no. 2 , 2014, p. 150–167 , doi : 10.1016 / j.funbio.2013.11.004 ( full text ).
  5. ↑ Lumbsch, HT and SM Huhndorf (ed.) 2007: Outline of Ascomycota - 2007. Myconet 13: 1-58. Full text pdf

Web links

Commons : Hyaloscyphaceae  - collection of images, videos and audio files