Hyposalivation

Hyposalivation (of gr. Ὑπό , 'and Lat. Saliva , saliva ', also Oligosialie) is referred to in medicine too low salivation. In humans, an amount of saliva of less than 0.1 ml / min, in the stimulated state of less than 0.7 ml / min is considered to be hyposalivation. The result is a dry mouth (xerostomia). The opposite, increased salivation, is called hypersalivation .

Causes can be:

• Medicines ( antidepressants , diuretics , antihistamines , anesthetics , atropine , antiemetics )
• Radiation therapy , radioiodine therapy
• Diabetes mellitus
• Autoimmune diseases
• AIDS
• menopause
• Salivary stones ( sialolithiasis )
• eating disorder

Hyposalivation leads to insufficient moisture in the organs of the oral cavity, insufficient buffering of acids and a reduced amount of antimicrobial proteins. This promotes the development of tartar , tooth decay , ulcers of the oral mucosa and candidiasis and can lead to swallowing disorders .

Determination of the saliva flow rate

The determination of the saliva flow rate (sialometry) is the only objective method for the detection of an existing hyposalivation or xerostomia. The frequent consequence of dry mouth is, in particular, dental caries in the absence of the protective substances accompanying normal salivation. The normal saliva contains a number of antimicrobially active components, including a. Immunoglobulin A ( antibody ), lysozyme ( enzyme ), lactoferrin and histatin ( protein ).

Based on literature data and based on the measurements at the Westphalian Wilhelms University in Münster, the following reference ranges for four different flow rate groups are suggested for adults (18 to 70 years of age):

Resting saliva

Hypersalivation	> 1 ml / min
Normal salivation	0.25-1 ml / min
Hyposalivation	0.1-0.25 ml / min
Xerostomia	<0.1 ml / min

Stimulated saliva

Hypersalivation	> 3.5 ml / min
Normal salivation	1.0-3.5 ml / min
Hyposalivation	0.5-1 ml / min
Xerostomia	<0.5 ml / min

Since the stimulated saliva flow rate, in contrast to the resting saliva flow rate, is time-dependent, all sialometric examinations of the stimulated saliva secretion should be based on a stimulation duration or collection duration of two to four minutes for the calculation of the flow rate.

Individual evidence

1. ^ ^{A b} Hendrik Meyer-Lückel, Sebastian Paris, Kim Ekstrand: Caries: Science and Clinical Practice . Georg Thieme Verlag, 2012, ISBN 978-3-13-169321-1 , p. 13.
2. ↑ F. Grünwald, C. Menzel. Radioiodine therapy. In: T. Kuwert, F. Grünwald, U. Haberkorn, T. Krause: Nuclear medicine. Stuttgart, New York 2008, ISBN 978-3-13-118504-4 .
3. ↑ Carol M. Stewart et al .: Diseases of Salivary Glands. In: Textbook of Oral Medicine, Oral Diagnosis and Oral Radiology . Elsevier India, 2012, ISBN 978-81-312-3091-6 , p. 268.
4. ↑ ^{a b} ZM Heft 22/2000, Udo Stratmann, Kai Mokrys: Dry mouth
5. ↑ Cancer information on oral and dental care by the dkfz
6. ↑ Patient information from the German Medical Association (PDF; 95 kB)

This article is about a health issue. It is not used for self-diagnosis and does not replace a diagnosis by a doctor. Please note the information on health issues !