Hypersalivation

Classification according to ICD-10
K11.7	Ptyalism
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019)

Hypersalivation (also sialorrhea , sialorrhea or - in relation to the constant spitting out of saliva - ptyalism ) is the medical term for increased saliva flow due to increased saliva production or the inability to swallow saliva. With hypersalivation, the saliva flow at rest in sialometry is > 1 ml / min, stimulated> 3.5 ml / min (the normal value is around 0.7 ml / min).

Hypersalivation can have various causes. In addition to diseases of the salivary glands ( sialadenitis ) and the oral cavity (dental diseases, stomatitis , tumors ), poisoning (e.g. lead , organophosphates ), psychoneural causes (excitement, pain, kinetosis ) and a copper metabolism disorder ( Wilson's disease ) can trigger increased saliva production . In the case of swallowing disorders, diseases of the central nervous system , both infectious (e.g. rabies ) and degenerative (e.g. Parkinson's disease ), as well as paralysis of some cranial nerves ( vagus nerve , glossopharyngeal nerve ) play a role. Ptyalism can also appear as a concomitant pregnancy and is often encountered with hyperemesis gravidarum .

The opposite of hypersalivation is hyposalivation , in which there is too little salivation.

therapy

The drug therapy of hypersalivation consists in the inhibition of saliva secretion by anticholinergic muscarinic receptor antagonists such. B. atropine, scopolamine, pirenzepine and glycopyrrolate . In cases of extreme hypersalivation, it is possible to reduce the flow of saliva using botulinum toxin , which is injected into the salivary glands.

etymology

Hypersalivation derives from the Greek preposition ὑπέρ hyper , about ... beyond 'and the lat. Saliva , saliva' from. Ptyalism can be traced back to the verb πτύειν ptýein 'spit'.

literature

• S2k guideline hypersalivation of the German Society for Ear, Nose and Throat Medicine, Head and Neck. In: AWMF online (as of 2013)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Pschyrembel . Medical dictionary. 257th edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-933203-04-X , p. 1266 .
2. ↑ Hans Adolf Kühn: Diseases of the salivary glands. In: Ludwig Heilmeyer (ed.): Textbook of internal medicine. Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1955; 2nd edition ibid. 1961, p. 750 ( functional disorders of salivary secretion ).
3. ↑ ZM Heft 22/2000, Udo Stratmann, Kai Mokrys: Dry mouth
4. ↑ Pfister, E.-D., Wilson's disease - update 2015 in Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 2016; 16: 1-84
5. ↑ Horst Kremling : On the history of the gestosis. In: Würzburger medical history reports 17, 1998, pp. 261–274; here: p. 261 f.
6. ↑ https://www.awmf.org/uploads/tx_szleitlinien/017-075l_S2k_Hypersalivation_2018-11.pdf .
7. ^ Wilhelm Gemoll : Greek-German school and hand dictionary . G. Freytag Verlag / Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky, Munich / Vienna 1965.
8. ↑ Erich Pertsch: Langenscheidts Large School Dictionary Latin-German . Langenscheidt, Berlin 1978, ISBN 3-468-07201-5 .

This article is about a health issue. It is not used for self-diagnosis and does not replace a diagnosis by a doctor. Please note the information on health issues !