Key-width
The width across flats is the distance between two parallel surfaces that are mostly used to transmit torque by means of a form fit . See also shaft-hub connection .
The nominal dimension is given, e.g. E.g .: SW10.
Related tolerances for inner and outer parts, for example. Mother and ended spanner in standards defined. Since tools are usually attached, there is play between the parts ("play fit ").
The term wrench size is used for the following forms:
- 2-edge = round material with two flat surfaces opposite one another
- 4-Kant = profile with a square cross section
- 6-sided , 8-sided = regular polygons
Width across flats on the tool
The wrench size indicates the "size" of the tool. It is stamped on the wrenches in mm values. English and US wrenches have inch sizes , with intermediate sizes in real fractions (e.g .: 3 ⁄ 4 inch = 19.05 mm) or in mixed fractions (e.g .: 1 1 ⁄ 4 inch = 31.75 mm) are embossed. Commonly used here are, for example, SW 1 ⁄ 4 "= 6.35 mm or SW 1 ⁄ 2 " = 12.7 mm.
Wrench flats are often found on the other side of the tool, e.g. B .:
- 1 ⁄ 2 ″ -4-point for attaching a socket to the ratchet as well
- 1 ⁄ 4 ″ hexagon for inserting screw bits in cordless screwdrivers or electric screwdrivers .
Width across flats on the workpiece
M4x40 SW 8, SW M3x30 5, M2,5x7 SW 4
The width across flats on the workpiece (e.g. screw, nut, clamp) is nominally the same as that on the tool. Between the two, however, there 's to be able to place easily around the tool. The relationship between the nominal diameter d of the thread and the width across flats s is for hexagon bolts in EN ISO 4014 and EN ISO 4017 (earlier in EN 24014/24017 or even earlier in DIN 931 and DIN 933) and for hexagon nuts in EN ISO 4032 (earlier standardized in EN 24032, even earlier in DIN 934) (dimensions in mm; the numbers in bold represent the preferred wrench sizes; old DIN values in brackets):
|
|
|
DIN ISO 272 |
|---|---|
| Area | Fasteners |
| title | Mechanical fasteners, wrench sizes for hexagon bolts and nuts |
| Latest edition | 1979-10 |
| ISO | 272 |
According to the standard for metric ISO threads (ISO 1502 or DIN 13-1), the nominal diameter d is preceded by the letter M , e.g. B. M6 for 6 mm thread diameter. According to the previously valid DIN 931 (with shank) and DIN 933 (thread to head), however, the wrench size for M10 was 17 mm, for M12 19 mm, for M14 22 mm and for M22 32 mm. These sizes are still used. The standard change from DIN 931-1 / DIN 933 to DIN EN 24014 / DIN EN 24017 took place in February 1992, that of the corresponding ÖNORM to EN in July 1992.
Wrench sizes for hex nuts and bolts are standardized to ISO 272. Other combinations of standard thread diameters and wrench sizes are also standardized for special areas.
Also installers usually use the American or English inch thread , in this division there wrench sizes in some cases also in inches.
Width across flats on the bike
In addition to the industrial standards, there are special or threading standards, for example the bicycle thread according to DIN 79012, a fastening thread on a metric-inch basis with the abbreviation FG. A Sachs three-speed hub has an axle thread of FG10.5 = 10.5 mm outer diameter, at Sturmey-Archer it was an FG10.3 with otherwise identical dimensions. Modern bicycle spokes have the FG2.3 bicycle thread. The wrench sizes are often metric on bicycles, only in a few places have wrench sizes that deviate from standardized values ( spoke nipples , pedals, rear wheel hubs ). Pedal wrenches are still made today with metric and imperial dimensions.
Use case gas cylinders
High-pressure gas cylinders with pressures up to a maximum of 300 (formerly 200, even earlier 150 bar) require a 32 mm spanner that fits the hexagon to unscrew a tightened protective cap.
The valve connections have, depending on the type of gas, in groups and a. different diameters. A specific connection piece is usually pressed onto a relatively hard plastic seal using a hexagon union nut or pressure nut. An alternative manual connection requires a soft elastomer seal as a sealing element and is common with propane, butane (lower pressure), balloon gas and breathing gas cylinders; In addition to corrugation, knurling or knobs, these rarely have a hexagon.
| gas | Thread outside diameter |
SW in mm |
|---|---|---|
| N2O (G 3/8 ") | 16.66 | |
| Test gas | 19th | ? |
| CO2 (fire extinguisher), propane (?), Butane | 21.8 | 27 |
| H2, He, CO2, propane, butane | 21.8 | 30th |
| N2 | 24.32 | 32 |
| N2O, O2 (G 3/4 ") | 26.44 | 32 |
| O2 | 30th | |
| protective cap | 80 | 32 |
Wrench with flexible wrench size
A monkey wrench , French and English are adjustment key, the key width of a can be adapted to rotating workpiece continuously in two parallel surfaces.
There are also keys with a socket for a hexagon similar to a ring spanner. It must be attached oriented to the desired direction of rotation. The hand lever is mounted in the ring in such a way that when actuated a cam presses on the material to be driven. The key covers a certain range of wrench sizes in a ratio of about 1: 1.5. It is disadvantageous that the corner edge of a small height cannot be captured or easily damaged.
A hexagon socket, about 24 mm in size, which is filled with hexagonal, densely packed inside, with round steel rods, which slide in axially when a hexagon to be driven is pressed in, can also provide a form fit to hexagon of different sizes.
If a ring spanner or a nut has a 12-point (= 24-cornered) receptacle, which allows a hexagon to be inserted in 12 different positions, i.e. every 30 °, this wrench can also be used to drive a square square if necessary Corners are heavily used. A square of about 19 mm fits into a ring spanner for the (hexagon) width 22 mm. A triangle fits into both a hexagon and a 12-point wrench.
With door handles around 1900 and sometimes with pegs (tuning nails) of stringed instruments, slightly conical square edges occur. These can possibly fit into a 12-point ring spanner without play, but they can also jam a little.
The cylindrical diameter of tuning nails / vertebrae is given rather than a wrench size of their conical square. A tuning key (tuning hammer, tuning crutch) also with a conical, square or 8-point ("star hole") holder fits positively on tuning nails with slightly different diameters because of the conicity of both fitting partners. Tuning keys for dulcimer and zither are available for cylindrical shaft diameters of 5.0, 5.5 and 5.9 mm or square size or "square diameter" 4.2 or 4.4 mm. For piano keys for pegs "from" 6.60, 6.75, 6.90 as well as 7.00 and 7.25 mm shaft diameter or 5.8, 6.2 and 6.5 mm “peg size” are available. The wrench sizes are indicated on the wrench by a different number of screwed grooves than by specifying an exact value. In the case of a cone-to-cone fit, it is a question of definition where the measurement is taken. In addition, at the end of the 19th century, pianos had differently shaped flat head pegs. One supplier specifies the widths across flats as ranges: 4.5–5 and 5.5–6.3 mm. Keys for 4.0, 5.0, 5.6 and 5.9 mm are available for the harpsichord.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Overview of threads on the bike
- ↑ Tuning key for folk musical instruments musikhaus-sedlmeyr.de, accessed October 29, 2019.
- ↑ Inserts for professional tuning hammers pianoteile.com, accessed October 29, 2019.
- ↑ K&M 167 tuning hammer set and K&M 166 Piano Tuning Hammer thomann.de, accessed October 29, 2019.
- ↑ Fortepiano tuning hammer, double-sided for “Walter” grand pianos, flat hole, 4.5–5 mm and fortepiano tuning hammer, double-sided for “Graf” grand pianos, flat hole 5.5–6.3 mm Jahn, pianoteile.com, downloaded October 29, 2019.
- ↑ Harpsichord tuning hammers Jahn, pianoteile.com, accessed October 29, 2019.