Immaturity check

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The immaturity examination is the (non-official) designation of an examination possible in Lower Saxony for prospective students without a university entrance qualification, which has led to the acquisition of a subject-related higher education entrance qualification . It was originally an entrance examination for university entrance qualifications at a pedagogical university (PH), the authorization was later extended to other subjects. In addition to this special type, there was also the gifted test as it was common in other countries of the Federal Republic and Berlin. The Lower Saxony immaturity examination was very popular, it has significantly increased the number of students without a high school diploma (or today the Abitur examination) (more than doubled in some years). It has not existed in its previous form since 2009 at the latest, although the unofficial name has largely been retained; Like the other federal states, Lower Saxony has issued examination regulations for professionally qualified persons on the basis of a conference of ministers of education (KMK). The new form ties in less with the tradition of the earlier Prussian gifted examination, which Adolf Grimme , the first minister of education in Lower Saxony, knew from his time as Prussian minister, than with the special maturity examination, which was also funded from Prussia during this time (via technical schools for university studies). .

History and regulation in the individual German federal states

The noticeable lack of qualified specialists during the First World War led to the establishment of the gifted examination. However, it was initially also understood to include intelligence tests for the selection of the gifted.

In 1916, the Württemberg Ministry of Churches and Schools began to set up retraining courses to enable people without a high school diploma to study. In cooperation with the Association for the Promotion of the Gifted, the first such course was set up in 1919, which seven people successfully completed with an examination in March 1923. Efforts to set up "workers' transition courses" at the University of Munich in 1919 initially failed because of a negative report by Professor Aloys Fischer , who feared a devaluation of academic education.

In 1920 the Reich School Conference and in 1922 the University Conference in Bensheim demanded the establishment of talent examinations for immature students. With a decree of April 24, 1923, Prussia introduced this possibility of admission to university studies, initially on a trial basis, then finally in 1924. The social democratic states of Saxony and Thuringia followed in the same year, until 1929 Bavaria , Württemberg, Baden , Braunschweig and Hamburg . In addition, Hesse and Mecklenburg-Schwerin have the recognition of exams taken in Prussia.

Otto Benecke , the personal advisor to the then Prussian minister of education, described the new admission procedure as a "small gate for the naturally few who can justifiably be called gifted". Prerequisites were the particular suitability of the applicant in terms of personality and intellectual abilities, a clearly recognizable talent for the chosen subject and a special professional experience. Logically, at that time the application for admission could not be made by the applicant himself, but only by so-called competent persons. Exam preparation and study preparation were self-taught. The examination requirements were correspondingly demanding.

In 1938 these state ordinances were replaced by a uniform examination regulations for the whole of the Reich, which limited the possibility of taking an immaturity examination to people of German blood descent .

After 1945 , new test orders were issued in all occupation zones (including the Soviet one), which were based on the regulations of the Weimar period and were later amended by regulations of the federal states, e.g. B. 1947 in the newly formed state of Lower Saxony under the Minister of Education Adolf Grimme .

In 1982, the Bremerhaven Conference of Ministers of Education and Culture adopted a binding framework with the agreement on the "Examination for University Admission for Particularly Skilled Employees" for the immaturity examinations in all federal states of the Federal Republic of Germany, which Lower Saxony did not follow, but which retained its own, but much more open examination regulations 1984 initially only modified. To this day, different regulations apply to talent examinations in the federal states of the Federal Republic of Germany, regardless of whether general or subject-specific university entrance qualifications. These possibilities are part of the second educational path or - depending on the definition - the third educational path . The proportion of all first-year students who enter the course via the gifted test is still below one percent (except in Lower Saxony).

See also

literature

  • Harald Fengler, Bernd Jankofsky, Erika Reibstein, Jürgen Weißbach Vocational qualifications and university admission - Report on an examination of the preparation for the proficiency test for university studies without a high school diploma in Lower Saxony , information on scientific further education 21, Oldenburg (to - library and information system of the University of Oldenburg ) 1983, ISSN  0174-1624 , ISBN 3-8142-0080-2
  • Hans Kern and Josef Rung: Talented Examination in Mathematics, Notes on Exam Preparation According to the Examination Regulations on the Examination for Higher Education Admission for Particularly Skilled Employees (Gifted Examination Regulations) Munich: Maiss 1992, ISBN 392255072X ISBN 9783922550723
  • Karl Heinrich Kutschke: Studying without a secondary school leaving certificate in Germany. Regulations on the admission of particularly gifted people without a school-leaving certificate to study at the German universities in Berlin (Struppe and Winckler) 1929 (= German higher education 3)
  • Lothar Schäffner and Rainer Zech: Immaturity examination, an adult- friendly path to university studies in Hanover (subject area adult education at the university) 1981, ISBN 3922874002 ISBN 9783922874003
  • Andrä Wolter : University entry in transition? The educational policy development of university access for employed people. Hans-Dietrich Raapke on his 65th birthday in Oldenburg (until - Library and Information System of the University of Oldenburg) 1994 (= Oldenburger Universitätsreden 63), ISBN 3814210638 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ordinance on the acquisition of subject-related higher education entrance qualifications through exams (HZbPrüfVO) of December 17, 2009 ( Nds GVBl. 2009, p. 502)
  2. ↑ Instructions for the psychological selection of talented youngsters from the committee for talented examinations in the institute of the Leipzig teachers' association. Leipzig, Verlag der Dürr'schen Buchhandlung 1919
  3. ^ Otto Bobertag and Ernst Hylla: Aptitude test for the transition from elementary school to secondary schools. Langensalza, J. Beltz 1925
  4. ↑ Wolfgang Bauer: Special cases of the university entrance qualification for working people. A contribution to the problem of the gifted test. Dissertation (Economics Faculty of the Nuremberg University of Economics and Social Sciences) 1952, p. 37
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Bauer: Special cases of the university entrance qualification for working people. A contribution to the problem of the gifted test. Dissertation (Economics Faculty of the Nuremberg University of Economics and Social Sciences) 1952, p. 40 ff.
  6. ↑ Otto Benecke: Studies without a secondary school leaving certificate in Prussia. Official regulations. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung 1925, foreword
  7. ↑ Hans Huber and Franz Senger: Studying without a secondary school leaving certificate at German universities. Official regulations. 3. Edition. Berlin: Weidmannsche Verlagbuchhandlung 1942
  8. ↑ Andrä Wolter: Gifted test or temporary study? Alternative organizational models for university entrance from work. In: Hammer, Hans-Dieter and Leittreter, Siegfried (Hrsg.): For a reform of university entrance for professionals: University entrance and second educational path in upheaval - on the way to Europe. Düsseldorf: Hans Böckler Foundation 1991, pp. 68–86, here p. 68