Immune privilege

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An immune privilege describes the phenomenon that some cell types cannot be recognized and destroyed in the course of an immune reaction . Immune-privileged cells offer pathogens and tumors an opportunity for immune evasion .

properties

Different cell types and tissues have some form of immune privilege, e.g. B. testicular tissue , hair follicles and nail beds , keratinocytes , cornea , placenta and fetus , neurons and stem cells , and cannot be recognized and destroyed by parts of the immune system . In immune-privileged organs, fewer rejection reactions to transplants take place. B. is used in a corneal transplant . Some tumors create a locally limited immune privilege by immunosuppression in their environment for the purpose of immune evasion.

Mechanisms

As a result, NK cells are inhibited, the activation of neutrophils by CD95 ligands is reduced, the formation of nitric oxide in macrophages is inhibited and the alternative pathway of the complement system is inhibited.

history

The immune privilege of the eye was first described by Peter Medawar in 1948 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ S. Zhao, W. Zhu, S. Xue, D. Han: Testicular defense systems: immune privilege and innate immunity. In: Cellular & Molecular Immunology. Volume 11, number 5, September 2014, pp. 428-437, doi : 10.1038 / cmi.2014.38 , PMID 24954222 , PMC 4197207 (free full text).
  2. ^ T. Ito, KC Meyer, N. Ito, R. Paus: Immune privilege and the skin. In: Current directions in autoimmunity. Volume 10, 2008, pp. 27-52, doi : 10.1159 / 000131412 , PMID 18460879 .
  3. ^ AW Taylor: Ocular Immune Privilege and Transplantation. In: Frontiers in immunology. Volume 7, 2016, p. 37, doi : 10.3389 / fimmu.2016.00037 , PMID 26904026 , PMC 4744940 (free full text).
  4. ↑ P. Arck, ME Solano, M. Walecki, A. Meinhardt: The immune privilege of testis and gravid uterus: same difference? In: Molecular and cellular endocrinology. Volume 382, ​​Number 1, January 2014, pp. 509-520, doi : 10.1016 / j.mce.2013.09.022 , PMID 24076096 .
  5. ^ A. Louveau, TH Harris, J. Kipnis: Revisiting the Mechanisms of CNS Immune Privilege. In: Trends in immunology. Volume 36, number 10, October 2015, pp. 569-577, doi : 10.1016 / j.it.2015.08.006 , PMID 26431936 , PMC 4593064 (free full text).
  6. ↑ N. Ichiryu, PJ Fairchild: Immune privilege of stem cells. In: Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, NJ). Volume 1029, 2013, pp. 1–16, doi : 10.1007 / 978-1-62703-478-4_1 , PMID 23756938 .
  7. ^ A b S. Hong, L. Van Kaer: Immune privilege: keeping an eye on natural killer T cells. In: The Journal of experimental medicine. Volume 190, Number 9, November 1999, pp. 1197-1200, PMID 10544192 , PMC 2195673 (free full text).
  8. ↑ JA Joyce, DT Fearon: T cell exclusion, immune privilege, and the tumor microenvironment. In: Science. Volume 348, Number 6230, April 2015, pp. 74-80, doi : 10.1126 / science.aaa6204 , PMID 25838376 .
  9. ↑ MF Gjerstorff, MH Andersen, HJ Ditzel: Oncogenic cancer / testis antigens: prime candidates for immunotherapy. In: Oncotarget. Volume 6, number 18, June 2015, pp. 15772–15787, doi : 10.18632 / oncotarget.4694 , PMID 26158218 , PMC 4599236 (free full text).
  10. ^ Rachel R. Caspi: Good News - Bad News: The Two Faces of Immune Privilege. Frontiers Media SA, 2014, ISBN 978-2-889-19331-8 , p. 25.
  11. ↑ Luca, T. Baroni, I. Arato, BC Hansen, DF Cameron, R. Calafiore: Role of Sertoli Cell Proteins in Immunomodulation. In: Protein and peptide letters. Volume 25, Number 5, 2018, pp. 440-445, doi : 10.2174 / 0929866525666180412163151 , PMID 29651939 .
  12. ^ Autoimmunity . In: webMIC 419: Immunology . University of Arizona. Archived from the original on June 10, 2003. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / microvet.arizona.edu
  13. ↑ a b c A. W. Taylor, TF Ng: Negative regulators that mediate ocular immune privilege. In: Journal of leukocyte biology. [Electronic publication before going to press] February 2018, doi : 10.1002 / JLB.3MIR0817-337R , PMID 29431864 .
  14. ↑ DR Green, CF Ware: Fas-ligand: privilege and peril. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . Volume 94, Number 12, June 1997, pp. 5986-5990, PMID 9177153 , PMC 33671 (free full text).
  15. ↑ JW Streilein, J. Stein-Streilein: Does innate immune privilege exist? In: Journal of leukocyte biology. Volume 67, Number 4, April 2000, pp. 479-487, PMID 10770279 .
  16. ↑ Peter B. Medawar: Immunity to homologous grafted skin; the fate of skin homografts transplanted to the brain, to subcutaneous tissue, and to the anterior chamber of the eye. In: British journal of experimental pathology. Volume 29, Number 1, February 1948, pp. 58-69, PMID 18865105 , PMC 2073079 (free full text).