Fas receptor
| Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| other names |
Apo-1 antigen, Apoptosis-mediating surface antigen FAS, FASLG receptor, CD95 |
|
| Properties of human protein | ||
| Mass / length primary structure | 335 amino acids , 37,732 Da | |
| Identifier | ||
| External IDs | ||
| Orthologue (human) | ||
| Entrez | 355 | |
| Ensemble | ENSG00000026103 | |
| UniProt | P25445 | |
| Refseq (mRNA) | NM_000043.5 | |
| Refseq (protein) | NP_000034.1 | |
| PubMed search |
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The Fas receptor (FasR), also Fas , CD95 ( cluster of differentiation 95) or APO-1 ( apoptosis antigen 1 ) belongs to the TNF receptor family , which, after ligand binding, triggers the death ( apoptosis ) of the cell in question .
FasR is a so-called type I transmembrane protein , which has three cysteine- rich repeat units in the extracellular protein domain . These structures are typical of TNF receptors . The Fas receptor is in different cells expressed , including in activated B cells and T cells , in hepatocytes and epithelial cells of the ovaries. Tumor cells, too, sometimes express large amounts of the receptor on their cell surface . The molecular mass of the receptor is 45 kDa . The receptor was discovered in 1989 by Peter Krammer and co-workers, and the associated ligand was isolated in 1993.
function
The ligand of the Fas receptor is called FasL and is expressed in a few cell types, including activated T cells. The functions of FasR and its ligands have so far been examined best in the immune system, especially in the B and T cells. The binding of the ligand to the Fas receptor triggers an apoptosis program AICD ( activation-induced cell death ), which leads to the death of the cell. In this way, for example, self-reactive lymphocytes can be kept in check. Defects in the function of the Fas receptor or the Fas ligand can lead to lymphoproliferative diseases such as autoimmune diseases .
The binding of FasL to FasR leads to the trimerization of the FasR molecules which were previously present as monomers. The formation of these trimers is essential for the receptor to function. The signal of the FasR trimer is transmitted through intracellular death domains , which mediate the formation of the multiprotein complex DISC ( death-inducing signaling complex ). This ultimately leads to the activation of caspases , which are responsible for the cell's suicide program.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c K. Sharma, RX Wang et al. a .: Death the Fas way: regulation and pathophysiology of CD95 and its ligand. In: Pharmacology & therapeutics. Volume 88, Number 3, December 2000, pp. 333-347, ISSN 0163-7258 . PMID 11337030 . (Review).
- ↑ BC Trauth, C. Klas u. a .: Monoclonal antibody-mediated tumor regression by induction of apoptosis. In: Science. Volume 245, Number 4915, July 1989, pp. 301-305, ISSN 0036-8075 . PMID 2787530 .