Inauguration diplomas

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Bust of Johann of Luxembourg in St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague

With the inauguration diploma (Czech: Inaugurační diplomy ), the Bohemian King John of Luxembourg (Czech: Jan Lucemburský) guaranteed extensive freedoms and rights to the Bohemian and Moravian nobility at his coronation . On December 25, 1310 he gave these guarantees to the Bohemian and six months later (June 18, 1311) to the Moravian nobility.

History and meaning

In 1310, Johann von Luxemburg married the Bohemian princess Eliška Přemyslovna in Speyer . This opened the way to the Bohemian throne after the Bohemian royal family of the Přemyslids died out . He was able to enforce this claim in the fight against Heinrich von Kärnten . As a condition for consenting to the coronation, however, the Bohemian nobility had demanded a number of guarantees with which they wanted to secure their position vis-à-vis the king and limit foreign rule in Bohemia.

The inauguration diplomas show the great power that the high nobility had at that time. They were a further step towards the consolidation of the class structure that later prevailed in Bohemia. On the basis of the inauguration diplomas, the king appointed Bohemian nobles for the majority of court offices. Under treasurer and marshal was Henry of Lipa , Chief Treasurer Peter I. von Rosenberg and chancellor in January Volek . John of Luxembourg also weakened his right to reversion - the landed property would fall back to the sovereign in the event of the family's extinction or violation of vassal loyalty. But he rejected the principle of a free will . Overall, the inauguration diplomas have strengthened the political and economic position of the nobility, especially the high nobility, in relation to the central royal power in Bohemia. But the urban bourgeoisie was not involved in the negotiations, the content did not take their interests into account.

The decree for Bohemia has not survived in the original, but only as a copy, which Emperor Charles IV had made in 1348. The original decree for Moravia, however, has been preserved, it is kept in Brno .

content

  • The king does not require military service outside the country's borders
  • The conscription of the nobility is limited to the defense of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Margraviate of Moravia
  • State and court offices may only be occupied by citizens of Bohemia and Moravia
  • The king does not levy a regular tax on the nobility (Czech: berně)
  • The king may only levy taxes on the occasion of the coronation or the marriage of royal daughters.

literature

  • Jaroslav Čechura: České země v letech 1310 - 1378: Lucemburkové na českém trůně I. Libri, Praha 1999, ISBN 80-85983-97-4 , p. 21 (Czech, 288 pp.).
  • František Čapka: Slovník českých a světových dějin . Akademické nakladatelství CERM, sro, Brno 1998, ISBN 80-7204-081-2 , p. 141 (Czech, 434 pp.).
  • Libor Vykoupil: Slovník českých dějin . Beta, Brno 2000, ISBN 80-902782-0-5 , p. 222 (Czech, 772 pp.).
  • Jörg K. Hoensch: The Luxembourgers: A late medieval dynasty of pan-European importance 1308 - 1437 . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-17-015159-2 , pp. 54 (368 pp.).

Web links

Jan Lucemburský; Chapter: Cesta k české královské koruně bei Středověk (Czech), accessed on January 25, 2018