Repair service
The repair service (abbreviation IDi or ID ) is a specialist civil protection service in Germany. It is handled exclusively by the Federal Agency for Technical Relief (THW).
history
Beginnings
The origins of the repair service can be found with the technical emergency aid (TN). The repair service of technical emergency was after the seizure of power by the Nazis expanded. The objective of preparing the emergency services for the security service and providing assistance after a possible bombing on residential areas, important industrial and supply companies or supply routes can be seen as a preparatory measure. Therefore, the training of this service was aimed at the speedy repair of the damage caused by explosive bombs and the protection of the civilian population. In addition, demolition and securing work should be carried out on damaged parts of the building or destruction of the access routes removed. The removal of duds was also one of the tasks of the repair service. Therefore, the instruction of qualified personnel and the equipping with special devices was an important part of this service.
First of all, the maintenance service was set up from the area of technical emergency aid, which was to be reinforced in an emergency by the air raid protection officers. Every air raid shelter received a repair service as part of the security and emergency service .
The service had the following tasks:
- Rescue of buried and trapped people
- Clearance of the traffic routes for the vehicles of the security and auxiliary service and subordinate for the general traffic
- Securing or demolishing buildings at risk of collapse
- Repair of damaged bridges and the construction of temporary bridges
- Repair of damaged shelters and the construction of cover ditches, tunnels and makeshift shelters
- Removal and detonation of duds
The service was divided into a fixed area (equipment storage, administration, organization) and a mobile area (operational units, repair and demolition troops). A repair squad consisted of 24 men (1 squad leader and a deputy as well as 2 working groups with 2 reporting and truck drivers each). In addition to medical equipment, the employees' personal protective equipment included a gas mask. In addition, technical equipment and tools were available depending on the application.
Development since 1950
On September 12, 1950, the civil order service was founded, a successor organization to technical emergency aid. On October 20, 1951, it was officially renamed Technical Relief Organization and took over the tasks of the rescue and repair service in the civil defense of the Federal Republic of Germany. His tactical unit for the repair service was the 1972-1994 Instandsetzungszug . As a result of the new THW concept (from 1995), all repair trains were dissolved and reclassified into the specialist groups infrastructure , electrical supply , water damage / pumps , drinking water supply and oil damage . In the time before (1957 to 1972), the repair service was organized in the air raid rescue services (local / regional) of the air raid auxiliary service (LSHD).
Through the law for the expansion of disaster control of 1968, the repair components of the air protection auxiliary service were separated from the air protection rescue readiness and set up as a separate disaster control service. In contrast to the rescue trains , which in some areas were provided by standby, there was no standby in the repair service.
A repair train (IZ) was constructed as follows:
| Subunit | vehicles | task |
| Platoon troop | 1 motorcycle, 1 troop car , 1 truck tipper | Exploration, guidance, material handling, connection |
| Electrical group | 2 trucks, 3.5 t double cab | Construction and repair of underground and overhead lines |
| Gas-water group | 2 trucks 3.5 t double cab + compressor trailer / compressed air generator on trailer | Construction and repair of gas and water pipes |
| Sewage oil group | 2 trucks 3.5t double cab + partly 2 trailers "pumps" | Repair of sewage and oil pipes |
The vehicles of the electrical group, gas-water group and waste water-oil group were two repair troop vehicles (ITrKW) per group of the type Daimler-Benz 407 D; its equipment was designed for the individual troops. The StAN 031 was decisive for loading .
Beginning in the 1980s, only one repair troop vehicle was planned per group, the second vehicle should only be ordered in the event of a defense . The special equipment P (pumps) followed later in the wastewater-oil group, which was used particularly during storm operations and flood situations. With the establishment of the emergency power pump group (around 1989), the THW had for the first time a fixed component for the emergency power supply of the civilian population and also for the emergency services who needed a lot of electricity, as well as to protect the civilian population from water damage. The specialist group “Electrical Supply” and the specialist group “Water Damage / Pumps” were later reorganized from it. The emergency power pump group was largely stationed in flood-prone areas in what was then West Germany.
The personnel structure of the gas-water, sewage-oil and electrical groups were identical. A paramedic was provided for each. Eight respiratory equipment wearers were planned for the wastewater-oil group . A total of 3 ABC helpers should belong to the train. The following personnel list resulted:
| Platoon troop | Electrical group | Gas-water group | Sewage oil group |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
The groups were divided as follows:
- Electrical group
- Earth line (construction) troop
- Overhead line (construction) troop
- Gas-water group
- 1 gas pipeline (construction) team
- 1 water pipeline (construction) team
- Sewage oil group
- 1 sewage troop
- 1 oil squad
The service regulations drawn up by the Federal Office for Civil Protection (KatS-DV) for the repair service were KatS-DV 300 ff. The repair service carries out temporary repair work that cannot be postponed in the context of disaster control, in particular on supply lines (electricity, gas, water) ), Oil systems and sewage networks (sewage and oil disposal), which are urgently needed for the protection and supply of the population as well as for the continuation of vital operations. He carries out this under supervision and in cooperation with the pension providers . He supports other units and facilities of the disaster control within the scope of his possibilities.
The repair train electrical group
- Cable work in the low voltage network, sleeves, terminations, securing work,
- Plastic cable work in the medium-voltage network,
- Construction and repair of local network overhead lines, routing, mast drilling, mast setting and reinforcement, laying wire and transport
- Construction and repair of medium-voltage overhead lines,
- Makeshift power supply in emergency shelters and care centers,
- Makeshift repairs to the power supply in municipal supply systems and public facilities,
- Power supply at damaged areas, lighting, use of machines,
- Makeshift repair of electrical connections, pumps, sewage systems, heating
The gas-water group repair train
- Repair of damage to gas water pipe networks in the medium and low pressure range
- Provision of emergency shelters and care centers, water supply, makeshift well construction,
- Makeshift repair of house installations, pumps, pressure boosting systems, gas-water devices
The repair train sewage-oil group
- Makeshift repair of receiving waters and sewer pipes and assistance in securing the damaged area, pumping out and shutting off the pipe,
- Participation in the disposal of wastewater in emergency shelters and care centers,
- Participation in oil damage removal or combating oil damage.
The repair service works closely with the supply and disposal companies / energy companies. Helpers who want to work in the repair service must have learned a corresponding profession or be in the corresponding vocational training.
Tactical sign
The repair service's tactical symbol is a stylized wrench in a rectangle. It can also be combined with other symbols (above the wrench):
| Subunit | Additional character / letter | Arrangement within the clock. character | Arrangement outside the clock. character |
|---|---|---|---|
| Platoon troop | 3 points or 1 bar in the upper third | over the wrench | 1 point above the rectangle (squad) |
| Electrical group | Letter "E" | on the wrench | 2 points above the rectangle (group) |
| Gas-water group | Letter "GW" | likewise | 2 points above the rectangle (group) |
| Sewage oil group | Letter "AÖ" | likewise | 2 points above the rectangle (group) |
| Emergency power pump group | Letter "NSP" | likewise | 2 points above the rectangle (group) |
The tactical signs of the train crews of all civil protection services had changed again and again in the 1980s, so that the wide bar and the three points in the rectangle were used simultaneously and nationwide. For example, the troop of the repair train A had the wide bar, while the troop of the repair train B had the three dots as a tactical sign.
The former technical service color of the repair service of the THW was green (officially: yellow-green) and was worn as a service indicator on the right breast pocket of the emergency suit. It was also used in technical emergency aid for the same service.
Positions in the repair service
| Service position | symbol | arrangement | annotation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Platoon leader | 1 square | ||
| Platoon leader | 3 bars | perpendicular | from 1984 3 bars, from 1972 2 bars |
| Squad leader | 2 bars | perpendicular | |
| Squad leader | 1 bar | perpendicular | |
| helper | no symbols | also called "repair assistant" |
Helmet markings were attached to the protective helmet on the left side (from squad leader), but without the specialist service color.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h BBK / BZS: Repair service (IDi) in disaster control. Strength and equipment verification of the repair train (IZ). STAN no. 031. Status: May 1984 .
- ↑ a b The repair service at gsb.download.bva.bund.de, accessed on November 22, 2013. (PDF; 6.0 MB)
literature
- Preliminary location instructions for civilian air defense. Section 10. The repair service. Reichsdruckerei, Berlin 1934, OCLC 73193412 .
- Reichsführg der Technischen Nothilfe (Ed.): Guide for the repair service. Several volumes. Fahrrad -Verlag, Berlin-Steglitz 1936-1939, OCLC 73145269 .
- The Reich Minister of Aviation and Commander in Chief of the Air Force (ed.): Training regulation for LS units (AVLS.). Part 3. Training in repair service. Booklet B. Construction, propping and bracing. (= Army Service Regulations 752.3b) Berlin 1943, OCLC 71951848 .
- Federal Agency for Technical Relief (Hrsg.): Manual of the technical relief agency. Special section 30. Repair service for water and gas supply: Temporary repair of destroyed or damaged water and gas supply lines. Federal Agency for Technical Relief, Bonn 1973, OCLC 721557094 .
- Civil Protection Manual. Equipment guide, tables: fire protection service, rescue service, repair service, telecommunications service, ABC service, medical service, support service, supply service. Thomé, Munich, OCLC 231407111 .
Web links
- The repair service at gsb.download.bva.bund.de (PDF; 6.0 MB)
- Supplementary federal disaster control on leitstelle-bayreuth.de
- The history of THW: The fascination of helping on thw.de