Inter-State 35/40 hp

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Inter-state

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35/40 hp
Production period: 1909
Class : upper middle class
Body versions : Roadster , touring car , demi - tonneau
Engines: Petrol engine
4.6 liters
(26.1 kW)
Length:
Width:
Height:
Wheelbase : 2845 mm
Empty weight : 975 kg
Previous model without
successor Forty

The Inter-State 35/40 hp was an American upper middle class passenger car only offered in 1909 . The vehicle was produced by the Inter-State Automobile Company in Muncie , Indiana . This was the first production model from this manufacturer.

Model history

The Inter-State Automobile Company was founded in late 1908 by Thomas F. Hart with the help of several investors and was based at 142, Willard street . The name of the company and its product was the result of a competition that Hart held in Muncie.

The Inter-State 35/40 hp was a conventionally constructed car with a powerful, large-volume, side-controlled four - cylinder engine that was available as a touring , four-seater runabout or demi - tonneau (" close coupled ") at USD 1750 each .

For the model year 1909, 323 vehicles are reported. It is unclear whether this number includes prototypes (possibly also from the successor Forty or others) or early series production Forty cars . This number, which seems relatively small, has to be seen in the context of its time: In 1909 a total of 127,731 passenger cars were produced in the USA, most of them by regional manufacturers. General Motors was founded in late 1908, and Henry Ford was not yet making his Model T on the assembly line; this cost US $ 825.- as a roadster and US $ 850.- as a touring.

technology

Only incomplete data is available on the technology of the vehicle. It is known that the vehicle was right-hand drive , had 34 × 4-inch tires all round and weighed 2150 lbs (975 kg) in the touring version .

A contemporary photo of a roadster shows wooden artillery wheels with 10 spokes at the front and 12 spokes at the back, drum brakes on the rear wheels and mounts for leaf springs at the front and rear. This also corresponds to the construction usual at the time. There are no precise details; Successors had semi-elliptic springs at the front and three-quarter elliptic springs at the rear. With these, the foot brake pedal operated the inner shoe brakes on the rear axle; the handbrake acted on an external shoe brake , which was attached either to the axle, the gearbox or the differential . It can also be seen that acetylene or oil lamps were used for lighting .

There are different details about the wheelbase . One source cites 122 inches (3099 mm), another 112 inches (2845 mm). The latter is more plausible: on the one hand, because the successor with a 118-inch (2997 mm) wheelbase was significantly heavier, on the other hand, because the said photo shows a rather short car.

Engine and drive

The engine of the 35/40 was a fairly large, side-controlled four - cylinder with 4¼ "(109 mm) bore and 5" (127 mm) stroke , resulting in a displacement of 283.7 cubic inches (4649 cc). Water cooling is not explicitly mentioned, but can be assumed. Probably as a successor to the Stromberg - carburetor used. The engine made a respectable 35 bhp (26.1 kW); an ALAM rating of 28.9 PS can be derived from the specified bore; this was a common, but very imprecise, method of measuring performance.

It was shifted using a three-speed gearbox. The gearshift lever, like the handbrake lever, was attached to the outside of the driver's seat. If we again use the aforementioned recording, then the absence of visible lays drive chains or a corresponding casing in front of the rear fenders suggest that the 35/40 hp as the successor Forty proven shaft drive had.

Bodies

Designations for body designs are often imprecise and say as much about them as they do about the vehicle manufacturer or bodybuilder. The bodies used by Inter-State were quite common back then, but have practically disappeared from today's linguistic usage.

The fenders of the 35/40 hp had fashionable, rather angular lines at the time. Both front and rear they run out horizontally at the tips and without any additional splash guard.

  • A 4-passenger runabout (Corbin 1908).

  • Typical touring: Thomas Flyer (1910).

  • A tonneau with an additional fixed roof (Packard Model L 1904).

  • Typical tonneau rear with access door, here also with horizontally tapering fenders (Sunbeam 1903).

Four-passenger runabout

Runabout was originally an alternative name for motorized buggy , ie a two-seater “horse-drawn carriage” with the motor under the seat or in the rear. When the front engine caught on in the early 1900s, runabout was used analogously to roadster . Even if we have got used to two-seater roadsters today, this was by no means the rule until well into the 1930s. In the times of the Inter-State , an additional single seat, double seat or bench was often attached to the rear. In this form, the 4-passenger runabout is also referred to as a tourabout . The transition to the lightly built Toy Tonneau is fluid.

The aforementioned photo of the 35/40 hp Model 28 Single Rumble Runabout suggests that there was a choice in terms of the number of seats on this roadster . “Single Rumble” means that a single seat has been attached to the rear instead of the double seat of the four-seat version.

Touring

The Touring , also known as the double phaeton in Europe , was by far the most popular body design of that time. At first there were only doors in the back; as such began to prevail at the front, the term gradually disappeared in favor of Phaeton (more in the USA) and Torpedo (more in Europe).

Tonneau

The tonneau is one of the oldest body shapes and goes back to appropriately constructed carriages. Access to the rear ("tonneau") was mostly via a door in the rear, more rarely on one side. The seating arrangement was often (but not necessarily) "U" -shaped, often with a folding seat attached to the inside of the door, or with seats arranged lengthways to the direction of travel. Very early tonneaus were sometimes removable, so that when they were removed a roadster was created or space was made for another structure, such as a loading platform. "Demi" or also close coupled only means that the rear compartment was shortened and the back seat was moved forward, which seemed "sportier". The term is also used in conjunction with touring, sedan or other multi-row bodies. The 35/40 hp demi-tonneau should have been four-seater like the somewhat larger successor.

Model overview

model construction time engine
Cubic capacity c.i. / cm³		 Power
bhp / kW		 Wheelbase
inches / mm		 body Prices
US $		 Remarks
35/40 hp 1909 R4 sv 4649 / 283.7 35 / 26.1 112.0 / 2845 Runabout , 4 pl. 1750.- Kimes: wheelbase 122 inches (3099 mm)
35/40 hp 1909 R4 sv 4649 / 283.7 35 / 26.1 112.0 / 2845 Touring , 5 pl. 1750.- Kimes: wheelbase 122 inches (3099 mm)
35/40 hp 1909 R4 sv 4649 / 283.7 35 / 26.1 112.0 / 2845 Demi - tonneau 1750.- Kimes: wheelbase 122 inches (3099 mm)

The information in this table has been compiled and converted from several sources.

Remarks

  1. ↑ The ALAM ( Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers ) was the first US standards organization. The power is calculated: cylinder bore ² × number of cylinders; the result is divided by 2.5. SAE-PS were later developed from this formula . It is also based on the British tax PS of the time. Their problem was that the factor 2.5 became less precise with increasingly higher speeds.
  2. ↑ Corresponds to the Tourabout
  3. ↑ Analog Close Coupled Touring, a tonneau with the rear offset to the front; probably 4 pl. as in 1910.

literature

  • Beverly Rae Kimes (ed.), Henry Austin Clark Jr.: Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805-1942. 3. Edition. Krause Publications, Iola WI, 1996, ISBN 0-87341-428-4 .
  • Beverly Rae Kimes: Pioneers, Engineers, and Scoundrels: The Dawn of the Automobile in America. Published by SAE ( Society of Automotive Engineers ) Permissions, Warrendale PA, 2005, ISBN 0-7680-1431-X .
  • Robert D. Dluhy: American Automobiles of the Brass Era: Essential Specifications of 4,000+ Gasoline Powered Passenger Cars, 1906-1915, with a Statistical and Historical Overview. Mcfarland & Co Inc. publishers, Jefferson NC, 2013; ISBN 0-7864-7136-0 . ,,
  • GN Georgano (Ed.): Complete Encyclopedia of Motorcars, 1885 to the Present. Dutton Press, New York, 2nd edition (hardcover), 1973; ISBN 0-525-08351-0 .
  • National Automobile Chamber of Commerce : Handbook of Automobiles 1915–1916. Dover Publications, 1970.
  • Emil Merkert: Passenger cars, buses and trucks in the United States of America with special attention to their relations with railways and highways. Julius Springer publishing house, Berlin (1930), hardcover; without ISBN

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Kimes, Clark: Standard Catalog. 1996, p. 771 (Inter-State).
  2. ↑ Merkert: Passenger cars, buses and trucks in the United States of America , 1930, p. 14
  3. ^ Kimes / Clark: Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805-1942. (1996), p. 575 (Ford T 1909)
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Dluhy: American Automobiles of the Brass Era. 2013, p. 87 (Inter-State).
  5. ↑ a b c d e Kimes, Clark: Standard Catalog. 1996, p. 771 (Fig.Inter-State 35/40 Roadster).
  6. ↑ classiccardatabase.com: Standard Specifications 1912 Inter-State Thirty.
  7. ↑ classiccardatabase.com: Standard Specifications 1912 Inter-State Forty.
  8. ↑ a b classiccardatabase.com: Standard Specifications 1910 Inter-State Forty
  9. ^ NACC: Handbook of Automobiles 1915-1916 , 1970; P. 12 (PS rating according to ALAM / NACC)