Israel Back

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Tombstone of Israel Back

Israel Back (also known by his Yiddish surname Drucker ) ( Hebrew ישראל ב"ק; * 1797 in Berdychiv , Ukraine ; † 1874 in Jerusalem , Ottoman Empire ), was a publisher, influential figure in the old Yishuv Eretz Israel and reintroduced Hebrew printing after a break of about 200 years in Palestine .

Live and act

At the age of 19, Back opened a printing house in Berdychiv, which he ran for 9 years. When he emigrated to Palestine in 1831, he transferred the printing press to Safed and continued to work there. With the permission of the Ottoman governor Ibrahim Pascha , Back founded a Jewish settlement with a farm on Mount Meron , making it the first of modern times , which at times could accommodate 15 families. Due to the effects of the earthquake in Galilee in 1837 and the change of government in Palestine in 1840, in which Ibrahim Pasha was replaced, the settlement was abandoned. Remains that still exist can now be viewed as the ruins of Back .

After the Armenians got ahead of him for about 10 years, Back founded a second printing company in Jerusalem in 1841. He got the printing press from Moses Montefiore , with whom he had connections from his time in Safed. He joined Hasidic circles and was actively involved in founding the Tifferet Yisrael Synagogue in the Jewish Quarter .

Back kept his monopoly on printing Hebrew texts until the early 1860s, when Joel Moses Salomon , Michal Hacohen and Jechil Bril opened another printing company .

In 1863 he and his son-in-law Israel Dow Frumkin began to publish the magazine Chawatzelet , which was published with interruptions for over 40 years.

literature

  • Me'ir Benajahu, "בית דפוסו של ר ישראל ב"ק בצפת וראשית הדפוס בירושלים"
  • Abraham Ja'ari, "זכרונות ארץ ישראל, כרך א ': י'., ישוב חקלאי ראשון של עולים בגליל העליון, ר 'ישראל ב"ק, 1837-1839" ( Memories of Israel, Vol Y., first agricultural settlement of Immigrants in the Upper Galilee, Rabbi Israel Beck, 1837-1839 )
  • Gtezl Krsl, "לקסיקון הספרות העברית בדורות האחרונים (כרך א, עמ '305–306, בערכו), בהוצאת ספרית פועלים 1965–1967" ( Lexicon of the Modern Hebrew Literature 1965–1967 )
  • Saev Aner (editor), "סיפורי משפחות, תל אביב: משרד הביטחון - ההוצאה לאור, 1990, עמ '65–72" ( Family Stories , Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense - Verlag, 1990, pp. 65-72. )
  • Arie Morgenstern, "'בית הדפוס של ישראל בק בצפת - גילויים חדשים', על ספרים ואנשים 9 (תשנ"ה), 6–7" ( The printing works of Israel Back in Safed - new discoveries about books and personalities 9 (1994), 6-7 )

Web links and notes

  1. ↑ The first printing house was opened in Safed in 1577 by Rabbi Abraham Ben Jitzchak Aschkenasi and existed for about 10 years.
personal data
SURNAME Back, Israel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES ישראל ב"ק (Hebrew)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Publisher and printer in Palestine
DATE OF BIRTH 1797
PLACE OF BIRTH Berdychiv
DATE OF DEATH 1874
Place of death Jerusalem