Iulia (mother of Mark Antony)

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Julia († after 40 BC) was a Roman noblewoman in the first century BC. And the mother of the triumvir Marcus Antonius .

Life

Iulia was the daughter of Lucius Iulius Caesar ( consul 90 BC) and Fulvia, the daughter of Marcus Fulvius Flaccus . Since Julia's father had done a lot for Ilion , this city honored Juliet as a girl with a statue. Her impeccable and decent character earned her a high reputation.

Her first marriage was with Marcus Antonius Creticus († around 71 BC), to whom she gave birth to three sons, Marcus Antonius, Gaius Antonius and Lucius Antonius . Plutarch tells the anecdote that Julia's husband Antonius Creticus helped a friend out of trouble by secretly giving him a silver cup, and that Juliet, who knew nothing about it, wanted her slaves to be tortured in order to clear up the alleged theft ; then Creticus confessed everything to her and asked for forgiveness.

After the death of Creticus she married Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura , whose execution in 63 BC. BC as a follower of the conspirator Lucius Sergius Catilina apparently did not harm their reputation. Judge in this process was her brother Lucius Iulius Caesar .

Probably under the influence of Juliet, her son Marcus married a woman of the same family as her mother, who for the time was very emancipated Fulvia . She seems to have had a good relationship with her mother-in-law. Both women tried at the beginning of 43 BC. In vain to prevent the senators from ostracizing their son or husband in the power struggle of the republicans and their (temporarily) allied Octavian against Marcus Antonius. After Marcus Antonius, Octavian and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus at the end of 43 BC. Having formed the second triumvirate , they proscribed all their enemies, including their own relatives. Julia's brother Lucius Julius Caesar was also affected. But she was able to protect him successfully. When the triumvirs wanted to tax the fortunes of 1,400 rich Roman women in order to raise money for the fight against the Caesar murderers, Iulia (in contrast to Fulvia) stood by the matrons. When the brother of Mark Antony, Lucius Antonius , fought for supremacy in Italy with Octavian in the Peruvian War and came up short, Iulia fled from Italy to Sextus Pompey in Sicily. Pompey received her kindly and gave her in 40 BC Great escort to her son Marcus in Athens, because she was supposed to negotiate a pact between the two men, which was directed against Octavian, who had become powerful after his victory in the Peruvian war. The latter, for his part, tried to come to an understanding with Pompey by sending Mucia , Pompey's mother, to his home in Sicily and marrying Scribonia , whose niece was Pompey's wife. Pompey preferred an alliance with Antonius, who promised to reconcile him with Octavian if possible; but if peace with Octavian could not be achieved, Antony wanted to take action against the heir of Caesar together with Pompey. In the Treaty of Brundisium in the autumn of 40 BC BC Antony came to an agreement with Octavian, to which Julia also contributed. Perhaps Iulia was still active in the summer of 39 BC. BC in Puteoli with the fact that Antonius and Octavian also temporarily came to an agreement with Sextus Pompeius in the Treaty of Misenum .

literature

Remarks

  1. ↑ Inscriptiones Graecae ad res Romanas pertinentes IV 195 = inscriptions from Ilion 72 .
  2. ↑ Marcus Tullius Cicero , In Catilinam 4,13; Plutarch , Antonius 2,1.
  3. ↑ Cicero, Philippika 1,27 and ö .; Plutarch, Antonius 2,1; 19.2; among others
  4. ↑ Plutarch, Antonius 1,1-2,1; on this Joachim Brambach, Kleopatra , 1991, pp. 190f.
  5. ↑ Cicero, In Catilinam 4,13 u. ö .; Plutarch, Antonius 2,1.
  6. ↑ Appianus , civil wars 3,211; 3.242.
  7. ↑ Plutarch, Antonius 20.2; Appian, Civil Wars 4,156-158; Cassius Dio 47.8.5.
  8. ↑ Appian, Civil Wars 4.136.
  9. ↑ Plutarch, Antonius 32,1; Appian, Civil Wars 5,267; Cassius Dio 48.15.2.
  10. ↑ Appian, Civil Wars 5,217f .; Cassius Dio 48.15.2; 48,16,2; 48.27.4.
  11. ↑ Franz Miltner (Pompeius 33, in: RE XXI, 2, col. 2225) assumes that Octavian Mucia was not until a later point in time, at the beginning of 39 BC. BC, sent to Sextus Pompeius to initiate negotiations that ultimately led to the Treaty of Misenum .
  12. ↑ Appian, Civil Wars 5,267 f. and 5,270 f.
  13. ↑ See Appian, Civil Wars 5,303.
personal data
SURNAME Julia
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Mother of Mark Antony
DATE OF BIRTH 2nd century BC BC or 1st century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH after 40 BC Chr.