Scribonia

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Scribonia (* no later than 65 BC; † after 16 AD) was the second wife of Octavian, who later became Augustus .

Life

She was the daughter of Lucius Scribonius Libo (perhaps Praetor 80 BC) and a Sentia. According to Suetonius , before her marriage to Octavian, she had been married to two men who had made it to the consulate . Your first husband is unknown. After his death, Scribonia was married to a Cornelius, whose identity is not entirely clear; perhaps it was Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus (consul 56 BC), perhaps his son, who is presumed to have been a consul suffect from 35 BC. Was identified, of whose name only "Publius Cornelius" is known. From this marriage Scribonia had a son named Cornelius Marcell (inus), perhaps Publius Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus (consul 18 BC), and a daughter Cornelia, who married Paullus Aemilius Lepidus (consul 34 BC) and in that year died while her brother held the consulate.

Octavian married Scribonia after separating from his first wife Claudia , a stepdaughter of Mark Antony , probably in 40 BC. BC (between the Peruvian War and the Treaty of Brundisium ) for political reasons to improve his relations with Sextus Pompey . Scribonia's brother Lucius Scribonius Libo (who later became consul in 34 BC) was Pompey's father-in-law and close confidante.

Scribonia became the mother of Juliet , who would be Augustus' only child. Only a year later, shortly after Julia's birth, Octavian disowned his wife and shortly afterwards married Livia Drusilla . He accused Scribonia of a depraved way of life. Elsewhere, however, the same source (Suetonius) mentions that the reason for the divorce was that Scribonia had complained about the influence of a lover on Octavian.

As Iulia 2 v. Chr. When she was exiled by her father, Scribonia accompanied her daughter. According to Seneca , she was still alive in the alleged conspiracy of her (great) nephew Marcus Scribonius Libo Drusus against Tiberius in AD 16.

literature

  • Ernestine F. Leon: Scribonia and her daughters . In: Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association . Vol. 82, 1951, pp. 168-175.
  • John Scheid : Scribonia Caesaris et les Julio-Claudiens: Problèmes de vocabulaire de parenté . In: Mélanges de l'École Française de Rome. Antiquité 87, 1975, p. 349 ff. ( Online ; not evaluated).
  • John Scheid: Scribonia Caesaris et les Cornelii Lentuli . In: Bulletin de Correspondence Hellénique 100, 1976, pp. 485-491 ( online ).
  • Meret Strothmann : Scribonia [1]. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 11, Metzler, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-476-01481-9 , column 301.
  • Ronald Syme : The Augustan aristocracy . Clarendon Press, Oxford 1986, especially pp. 57, 247-257.
  • Gerhard Winkler : Scribonius II. 7. In: The Little Pauly (KlP). Volume 5, Stuttgart 1975, column 55.

Remarks

  1. ↑ See BW Frier, Urban Praetors and Rural Violence: The Legal Background of Cicero's Pro Caecina , in: Transactions and proceedings of the American Philological Association 113 (1983), pp. 221-241, especially p. 223.
  2. ↑ CIL 6, 31276 : Sentia Lib [onis] mater Scr [iboniae] Caes [aris] . The allegation, which can sometimes be found, that she was the daughter of a Cornelia who is referred to as the granddaughter of Sulla and Pompeius (that is, a daughter of Faustus Cornelius Sulla ) is impossible for chronological reasons. Her (great) nephew Drusus Libo is described as the great-grandson of Pompey ( Tacitus , Annales 2, 27), but the connection was certainly made through his mother, cf. Ronald Syme , The Augustan aristocracy , 1986, pp. 256-257.
  3. ↑ Sueton, Augustus 62, 2 : mox Scriboniam in matrimonium accepit nuptam ante duobus consularibus, ex altero etiam matrem .
  4. ↑ Cf. John Scheid, Scribonia Caesaris et les Cornelii Lentuli , in: Bulletin de Correspondence Hellénique 100, 1976, pp. 485-491, of three possible husbands (apart from the named ones, Lucius Cornelius Lentulus, suffect consul 38 BC) the suffect consul 35 BC Considers to be the most likely. Meret Strothmann sticks to the older assumption (for example with Ernestine F. Leon) that Scribonia was married to both Publius Cornelius and Lentulus Marcellinus. (Meret Strothmann: Scribonia [1]. In: Der Neue Pauly (DNP). Volume 11, Metzler, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-476-01481-9 , Sp. 301.)
  5. ↑ CIL 6, 26033 : Libertorum et familiae Scriboniae Caesar (is) et Corneli Marcell (ini) f (ilii) eius .
  6. ↑ So Scheid; other scholars, such as Ernestine Leon or Ronald Syme, assume that Scribonia's son Publius Cornelius Scipio (consul 16 BC) was.
  7. ↑ Properz 4, 11, 65-66.
  8. ↑ Cassius Dio 48:16; Appian , Civil Wars 5, 53.
  9. ^ Suetonius, Augustus 63: “pertaesus,” ut scribit [sc. Octavianus], "morum perversitatem eius" .
  10. ^ Suetonius, Augustus 69, 1
  11. ↑ Velleius Paterculus 2, 100, 5; Cassius Dio 55, 10, 14.
  12. ↑ Seneca, epistulae 70, 10, who called her amita Libos, which could not only mean “aunt” but also “great aunt”, cf. Syme, The Augustan aristocracy , p. 256. The relationship can also be found in Tacitus, Annales 2, 27, but there is no mention of whether Scribonia was still alive.
personal data
SURNAME Scribonia
BRIEF DESCRIPTION second wife of Augustus
DATE OF BIRTH before 64 BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH after 15