Ivan Tyszkowic

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Iwan Tyszkowic (also Jan Tyszkowic , * unknown; † November 16, 1611 in Warsaw ) was a Polish landowner and well-known representative of the Unitarian Polish Brothers . At the instigation of Queen Constanze , the wife of King Sigismund , he was executed in Warsaw in 1611 on charges of blasphemy . He is considered the first martyr of the Polish Brothers.

Live and act

Tyszkowic came from an upscale environment in Bielsk Podlaski (also Bielitz ) in Podlachia . His family was Catholic . Under the influence of Socinianism to Tyszkowic his family as a young man turned Deploring the radical Reformation Unitarianism and became after his conversion an influential promoter of the Unitarian Church in Poland-Lithuania ( Polish Brethren ). When he was offered the office of judge, he was supposed to swear an oath on the Trinity , but as an anti-Trinitarian he had to refuse. As a result, proceedings were initiated against him. Despite reference to the Warsaw Confederation's Articles on Religious Tolerance, Tyszkowic was imprisoned, but was initially released after paying a fine. The case was then brought to the royal court, which ordered Tyszkowic to sell an estate belonging to him in Warsaw and to leave it within six weeks on pain of death. However, under the influence of Queen Constanze , whose possessions included Tyszkowic's hometown Bielsk Podlaski, the case was re-examined. Tyszkowic was given the opportunity to convert to Catholicism . When he ruled this out, he was eventually sentenced to death for blasphemy . The intercession of the Protestant princess Anna Wasa was in vain.

Tyszkowic was arrested again, tortured and finally publicly executed on November 16, 1611 in Warsaw's market square. His tongue was cut out before the actual execution. There are different statements about the type of execution, he is said to have either been beheaded or burned at a stake . The execution of Tyszkowic marks the beginning of the Polish Counter-Reformation and the beginning of the persecution of the Polish-Lithuanian Unitarians. In this context he is often mentioned as the first martyr of the Polish Brothers.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Janusz Tazbir: History of Polish tolerance , Hamburg 1977, p 147
  2. ^ Charles A. Howe: For faith and freedom: A short history of Unitarianism in Europe , Skinner House Books, 1997, ISBN 1-55896-359-6 , pp. 71-81
  3. ^ Yearbooks for the History of Eastern Europe, Volume 34, 1986, p. 41
  4. ^ Charles A. Howe: For faith and freedom: A short history of Unitarianism in Europe , Skinner House Books, 1997, ISBN 1-55896-359-6 , pp. 71-81
personal data
SURNAME Tyszkowic, Ivan
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tyszkowic, Jan
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish landowner
DATE OF BIRTH 16th Century
DATE OF DEATH November 16, 1611
Place of death Warsaw