Jewish cemeteries in Weener

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

There are four Jewish cemeteries in the urban area of Weener that have been occupied by the local community .

history

Jewish cemetery in Weener

Until well into the second half of the 17th century, the communities of the Rheiderland had their dead buried in the Emden cemetery . This was difficult to achieve, especially in the winter months. In 1670, the Jews from Bunde , Weener, Jemgum and Stapelmoor, under the leadership of Hayman Salomons from Jemgum, turned to Princess Christine Charlotte and asked for her to “consent to our end being in the said area (empty place) Half or all of Diemat Landes at a fair price to us may buy and be allowed to use the same for a church in front of our dead ” .

The Princess granted this request after just one day. She then instructed her officials in Leerort to support the Jews in their land purchase and to ensure that they were not disadvantaged. The Rheiderland Jews then bought a piece of land in Smarlingen between Weener and Holthusen and built a cemetery there, which was occupied until the beginning of the 17th century. There are still four tombstones in fragments.

In the immediate vicinity of this old cemetery, the Rheiderland Jews laid another burial site, which they used from 1670 to the middle of the 19th century. There are still 30 tombs on this burial site .

When this was fully occupied in 1849, the Rheiderland communities each set up their own cemeteries. The Weeneraner Jews did this on a 6.73  acres plot on what was then Stapelmoorer Landstrasse (today's Graf-Ulrich-Strasse), which the brothers Isaak and Joseph Israels had given to the community. A funeral took place there for the first time in 1850. There are still 85 tombstones in the cemetery.

The youngest cemetery was built at the end of the 19th century on what was originally an area of ​​68.41 ares on Graf-Edzard-Straße. The local community occupied it from 1896 until its demise in the time of National Socialism . During these years the cemetery was desecrated. The perpetrators stole 38 tombstones and sold more to a stonemason in 1943.

After the Second World War , the cemetery hall served temporarily as a residential building. The area itself was repaired and became the property of the State Association of Jewish Communities of Lower Saxony . He sold the unoccupied area of ​​the burial site in 1966/71 to private individuals or to the city for road construction. This left about 37.41 acres from the original cemetery, on which 85 gravestones have been preserved.

See also

literature

  • Herbert Reyer, Martin Tielke (ed.): Frisia Judaica. Contributions to the history of the Jews in East Frisia . 2., through Aufl., Verl. Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1988 (= treatises and lectures on the history of Ostfriesland, vol. 67), ISBN 3-925365-40-0 .
  • The end of the Jews in East Frisia. Catalog for the exhibition of the East Frisian landscape on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Kristallnacht . Verl. Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1988 (= individual writings / Ostfriesische Landschaft, Vol. 30), ISBN 3-925365-41-9 .
  • Shmuel Spector (Ed.): The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life before and during the Holocaust ; Volume 2. K-Sered . New York University Press, New York (NY, USA) 2001, ISBN 0-8147-9377-0 . (English; see p. 1436, Art. Weener )
  • Daniel Fraenkel: Weener. In: Herbert Obenaus (Ed. In collaboration with David Bankier and Daniel Fraenkel): Historical manual of the Jewish communities in Lower Saxony and Bremen . Wallstein, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-89244-753-5 , pp. 1534-1544.

Web links

Commons : Jewish cemeteries in Weener  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Herbert Reyer, Martin Tielke (Ed.): Frisia Judaica. Contributions to the history of the Jews in East Frisia . Aurich 1988, ISBN 3-925365-40-0 , p. 83.
  2. ↑ a b Smarlingen. (two cemeteries) In: Overview of all projects for the documentation of Jewish grave inscriptions in the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany. Lower Saxony.
  3. ^ Daniel Fraenkel: Weener. In: Herbert Obenaus (Ed. In collaboration with David Bankier and Daniel Fraenkel): Historical manual of the Jewish communities in Lower Saxony and Bremen . Wallstein, Göttingen 2005; ISBN 3-89244-753-5 ; Pp. 1534-1544
  4. ^ Weener (Leer district, East Frisia). Jewish cemeteries. In: Alemannia Judaica .
  5. ↑ Weener. (two cemeteries) In: Overview of all projects for the documentation of Jewish grave inscriptions in the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany. Lower Saxony.

Coordinates: 53 ° 9 ′ 43.4 "  N , 7 ° 20 ′ 23.4"  E