Jewish community Alsheim
The Alsheim Jewish community in Alsheim existed from the 18th century to the 1930s. Until 1875 and 1900, the inhabitants of the Jewish faith of the neighboring communities Mettenheim and Gimbsheim also belonged to the community . The Jewish community belonged to the district rabbinate of Worms.
history
Jews settling in the Alsheim area are mentioned for the first time in 1550. In 1750, the Alsheim religious community was founded, to which the residents of the neighboring communities of Mettenheim and Gimbsheim also belonged until 1875 and 1900 respectively. The Jewish community belonged to the district rabbinate of Worms. The number of members of the Jewish community rose steadily until the middle of the 19th century and reached its highest level in 1871. From then on there was emigration and emigration. From 1933, after the seizure of power of Adolf Hitler , the Jewish inhabitants were increasingly disenfranchised. In addition, there were repeated anti-Jewish actions that culminated in the November pogroms in 1938. As a result, many Jewish families left the community. It is not known exactly when the last Jewish residents left Alsheim or were deported.
Development of the Jewish population
| year | Jews | Jewish families | comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1550 | 4th | ||
| 1743 | 6th | ||
| 1799 | 2 | ||
| 1808 | 14th | ||
| 1824 | 34 | ||
| 1828 | 38 | ||
| 1861 | 73 | with Hangen-Wahlheim | |
| 1871 | 79 | ||
| 1880 | 50 | ||
| 1895 | 53 | ||
| 1900 | 43 | ||
| 1905 | 43 | ||
| 1910 | 36 | ||
| 1924 | 25th | ||
| 1933 | 15 or 35 | different information in the sources | |
| 1938 | 5 |
Source: alemannia-judaica.de; jewische-gemeinden.de
Facilities
synagogue
The synagogue in Alsheim was built in 1842/43, slightly set back, on the property at Mittelgasse 14/16. At an unknown date, the synagogue was sold. In 1970 there was a complete conversion to a residential building that is still in use today.
Mikveh
The community had its own mikveh . This was probably housed in its own small bathhouse, which was located on the site of the synagogue, but is no longer preserved today.
graveyard
Until the establishment of the Jewish cemetery in Alsheim in 1896, the dead were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Osthofen.
school
The community had its own religious school. The building still preserved today was located right next to the synagogue. In 1873 the school became an Israelite elementary school , which was also attended by non-Jewish children. A religion teacher was employed who also took on the duties of prayer leader and shochet . The teacher's apartment was at Mittelgasse 14.
societies
In addition to the synagogue choir, which is well-known beyond Alsheim, there was a charity association and a women's charity association.
Holocaust victim
In the memorial book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under National Socialist Tyranny 1933–1945 and in the Central Database of the Names of the Holocaust Victims of Yad Vashem , the following members of the Alsheim Jewish community (who were born there or lived temporarily) are listed who were born during the time of Nazism were murdered:
| Surname | First name | Time of death | Age | Place of death | comment | swell |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| David | Jakob Otto | unknown | unknown | Piaski Ghetto | Deported on March 25, 1942 from Mainz to Ghetto Piaski. | Yad Vashem (database, dataset No. 11487933) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
| David | Johanna | May 15, 1944 | 71 years | Auschwitz concentration camp | Deportation on September 1, 1942 from Frankfurt am Main to Ghetto Theresienstadt (transport XII / 2, train Da 509 / deportation number in transport 634). Deportation on May 15, 1944 from Ghetto Theresienstadt to Auschwitz concentration camp (transport Dz / deportation number in transport 2243). | Yad Vashem (database, data set No. 4887320 and 11487939) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
| Löb | Caroline | November 6, 1940 | 78 years | Gurs internment camp | Deportation on October 22, 1940 from Odenbach to Gurs internment camp. | Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11581945) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
| Mayer | Albert | unknown | unknown | Treblinka extermination camp | Deportation on July 19, 1942 from Hamburg to Ghetto Theresienstadt (Transport VI / 2 / deportation number in Transport 454). Deportation on September 26, 1942 from Ghetto Theresienstadt to the Treblinka extermination camp (Transport Br / deportation number in Transport 481). | Yad Vashem (database, data set No. 4813473 and 11590621) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
| Mayer | Moses Moritz | June 30, 1942 | 58 years | Belzec extermination camp | Deportation from Worms to Ghetto Piaski. Deportation on March 25, 1942 from Mainz from Ghetto Piaski to Belzec extermination camp. | Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11591356) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
| Müller | Franziska | April 28, 1942 | 75 years | Rivesaltes internment camp | Deportation on October 22, 1940 from Mannheim to Gurs internment camp. Deportation on March 14, 1941 from Gurs internment camp to Rivesaltes internment camp. | Yad Vashem (database, data set No. 7090327 and 11597818) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
| Tear | Albert | May 8, 1941 | 67 years | Recebedou Detention Center | Deportation on October 22, 1940 from Mannheim to Gurs internment camp. Deportation on March 17, 1941 from Gurs internment camp to Recebedou internment camp. | Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11612405) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
| Schwab | Ida | May 5, 1942 | 58 years | Kulmhof extermination camp | Deported on October 22, 1941 from Cologne to Litzmannstadt ghetto . Deportation on October 22, 1941 from Ghetto Litzmannstadt to the Kulmhof extermination camp. | Yad Vashem (database, data record No. 3944678 and 11630026) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
| bird | Josef Julius | unknown | unknown | Treblinka extermination camp | Deported on July 27, 1942 from Cologne-Trier to Theresienstadt ghetto. Deportation on September 19, 1942 from the Theresienstadt ghetto to the Treblinka extermination camp. | Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11648714) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
| bird | Regina Regine Recha | unknown | unknown | Treblinka extermination camp | Deported on July 27, 1942 from Cologne-Trier to Theresienstadt ghetto. Deportation on September 19, 1942 from the Theresienstadt ghetto to the Treblinka extermination camp. | Yad Vashem (database, record no. 111648742) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
| Wolff | Amalie | February 15, 1943 | 68 years | Theresienstadt ghetto | Deportation on September 1, 1942 from Berlin to Ghetto Theresienstadt (Transport I / 56 / Deportation number in Transport 5751). | Yad Vashem (database, dataset No. 4762791, 4140215 and 11657213) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
| Wolff | Bernhard | January 31, 1943 | 73 years | Theresienstadt ghetto | Deported on September 1, 1942 from Berlin to Ghetto Theresienstadt (Transport I / 56). | Yad Vashem (database, record nos. 11657263 and 4140223) |
| Zeilberger | Blanka Blanca | March 28, 1942 | 53 years | Litzmannstadt ghetto | Deported on October 20, 1941 from Frankfurt am Main to the Litzmannstadt ghetto. | Yad Vashem (database, record No. 11659914) |
literature
- Gunter Mahlerwein: Alsheim-Halasemia. History of a Rheinhessen village. From the beginning to the end of the 18th century. (= Alsheim-Halasemia. History of a Rhine-Hessian village. Volume 1). Alsheim community, Alsheim 1996.
- Gunter Mahlerwein: Alsheim-Halasemia. History of a Rheinhessen village. From the French Revolution to today. (= Alsheim-Halasemia. History of a Rhenish Hessian Village. Volume 2). Alsheim community, Alsheim 2004.
- Gunter Mahlerwein, Christian Stoess: Alsheim-Halasemia. History of a Rheinhessen village. From the early Middle Ages to the 21st century: Festschrift on the 1400th anniversary of Alsheim. (= Alsheim-Halasemia. History of a Rheinhessen village. Volume 3). Alsheim community, Alsheim 2018.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Alsheim . alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
- ↑ a b Alsheim (Rhineland-Palatinate) . jewische-gemeinden.de. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
- ↑ Commemorative Book Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945 . Federal Archives. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
- ^ Central database of the names of Holocaust victims . Yad Vashem - International Holocaust Memorial. Retrieved June 16, 2020.